1
00:00:13,901 --> 00:00:17,021
這個由岩石和冰雪構成的崎嶇迷宮...
2
00:00:21,101 --> 00:00:24,821
溫度可降到攝氏零下40度
3
00:00:26,381 --> 00:00:30,541
暴風雪能讓積雪深達9公尺
4
00:00:32,981 --> 00:00:36,661
入冬的落磯山脈可不適合草莓族
5
00:00:40,141 --> 00:00:41,741
但是有一種生物
6
00:00:44,581 --> 00:00:46,861
在這種環境如魚得水
7
00:00:48,901 --> 00:00:51,061
我們覺得危險的陡坡
8
00:00:52,501 --> 00:00:55,381
被這隻狼獾當成遊樂場
9
00:01:01,061 --> 00:01:04,701
牠的厚重皮毛能輕鬆甩掉雪
10
00:01:08,021 --> 00:01:11,141
爪子就像專業登山客的冰爪
11
00:01:15,661 --> 00:01:18,541
牠在最嚴寒的冬季裡挺進...
12
00:01:23,541 --> 00:01:26,461
甩身體的樣子卻依舊輕鬆
13
00:01:31,261 --> 00:01:34,941
但是在山上獨居也有缺點
14
00:01:40,541 --> 00:01:42,461
附近很少有其他動物
15
00:01:44,341 --> 00:01:47,701
讓這隻飢餓的肉食動物很傷腦筋
16
00:01:52,741 --> 00:01:55,621
牠一天可跋涉長達32公里
17
00:01:59,341 --> 00:02:02,341
尋找雪地上...
18
00:02:04,261 --> 00:02:05,941
還有雪地下的大餐
19
00:02:13,661 --> 00:02:16,621
但是牠也得留意天空
20
00:02:20,541 --> 00:02:25,701
因為上面的山峰構成死亡威脅
21
00:02:28,021 --> 00:02:34,021
大雪連降幾個月後,高山就要卸貨了
22
00:02:43,901 --> 00:02:46,141
冰雪如洪水暴衝而下
23
00:02:51,221 --> 00:02:54,901
超過八萬五千立方公尺的冰雪...
24
00:02:56,941 --> 00:02:58,781
從高山轟然滾下...
25
00:03:01,661 --> 00:03:04,021
時速高達160公里
26
00:03:26,781 --> 00:03:29,741
對於逃不了的大部分生物
27
00:03:30,421 --> 00:03:31,861
白雪的怒吼聲...
28
00:03:34,021 --> 00:03:36,621
有如死神的呼喚
29
00:03:42,261 --> 00:03:46,501
這隻幸運的狼獾卻當成晚餐準備好了
30
00:03:53,501 --> 00:03:55,221
牠根據味道鎖定方向
31
00:03:56,981 --> 00:03:58,141
開始動工
32
00:04:13,341 --> 00:04:17,181
雪崩對倒楣的北美山羊來說是壞消息
33
00:04:19,301 --> 00:04:22,461
卻是飢餓狼獾的及時雨
34
00:04:26,541 --> 00:04:27,981
某些動物遇難...
35
00:04:31,381 --> 00:04:33,741
卻拯救了牠
36
00:04:41,181 --> 00:04:44,941
因為生命不只需要溫柔的地球
37
00:04:48,021 --> 00:04:51,061
也需要狂暴的大自然
38
00:04:57,861 --> 00:05:00,541
《我們的生物世界》
39
00:05:00,541 --> 00:05:03,861
集名:臨界點
40
00:05:09,181 --> 00:05:11,221
{\an8}地球最強大的破壞力...
41
00:05:11,221 --> 00:05:12,661
{\an8}(旁白 凱特布蘭琪)
42
00:05:12,661 --> 00:05:16,261
{\an8}...也為這裡帶來了生命
43
00:05:18,781 --> 00:05:21,581
火山的破壞力驚人
44
00:05:24,301 --> 00:05:28,021
但是也會放出大量水蒸氣
45
00:05:28,861 --> 00:05:33,461
多到足以讓現今的海裡填滿了水
46
00:05:34,501 --> 00:05:37,221
而這些水原本在地底
47
00:05:40,981 --> 00:05:44,461
熔岩冷卻後創造新陸地
48
00:05:47,101 --> 00:05:50,581
最珍貴的莫過於火山島
49
00:05:56,021 --> 00:06:00,261
這些偏遠的群島攪動海流
50
00:06:02,101 --> 00:06:05,461
帶起深海富含養分的水
51
00:06:06,581 --> 00:06:08,901
讓生物得以大量出現
52
00:06:13,861 --> 00:06:15,061
遍布海面上...
53
00:06:17,301 --> 00:06:18,781
以及海底
54
00:06:23,901 --> 00:06:28,861
火山島就像海洋裡的生命天堂...
55
00:06:34,501 --> 00:06:36,981
不過得先找到火山島才行
56
00:06:43,701 --> 00:06:47,421
這隻年輕的母雙髻鮫踏上處女航
57
00:06:48,861 --> 00:06:52,541
從沿海出生地,一路游了幾百公里
58
00:06:52,541 --> 00:06:55,061
進入廣大無邊的太平洋
59
00:06:59,781 --> 00:07:02,221
牠可能不知道要去哪裡
60
00:07:05,381 --> 00:07:07,261
不過有嚮導帶路
61
00:07:08,821 --> 00:07:12,421
牠的吻部長滿了受體
62
00:07:13,061 --> 00:07:17,581
能偵測火山海床的磁力訊號
63
00:07:28,981 --> 00:07:33,821
冷卻後的熔岩引領牠在海中前進
64
00:07:42,581 --> 00:07:44,501
只要跟著鼻子
65
00:07:46,581 --> 00:07:48,621
讓本能帶路就好
66
00:07:58,301 --> 00:07:59,541
可可斯島
67
00:08:00,341 --> 00:08:07,261
一座古火山的高峰
從海床上升了3600公尺
68
00:08:10,501 --> 00:08:11,941
對牠的感官而言
69
00:08:13,141 --> 00:08:17,981
就像荒野中的磁力燈塔
70
00:08:29,621 --> 00:08:34,261
游了480公里後,牠總算到了休息站
71
00:08:36,221 --> 00:08:41,621
所以開始尋找可可斯島的特定居民
72
00:08:51,861 --> 00:08:54,261
不過這隻鯊魚並非在找大餐
73
00:08:57,501 --> 00:08:59,381
而是奉上小吃
74
00:09:07,541 --> 00:09:12,421
第一次出海後,牠全身佈滿寄生動物
75
00:09:18,421 --> 00:09:23,941
一群蝴蝶魚吃掉這些討厭鬼
清理受到感染的傷口
76
00:09:29,221 --> 00:09:31,781
溫柔的咬勁有如輕輕按摩
77
00:09:33,621 --> 00:09:38,381
除了讓自己飽餐一頓
又能讓鯊魚靜心療傷
78
00:09:46,101 --> 00:09:47,981
這項服務也來得正好
79
00:09:49,221 --> 00:09:54,421
因為這片火山樂園
不只是一隻鯊魚的水療中心
80
00:09:59,861 --> 00:10:03,981
其他旅客也紛紛來到這個特殊會合點
81
00:10:10,901 --> 00:10:14,621
數百條鯊魚圍成一圈
82
00:10:29,741 --> 00:10:35,061
科學家猜測這種集會
有如雙髻鮫的夏日舞會...
83
00:10:37,781 --> 00:10:38,981
可以放鬆心情
84
00:10:41,461 --> 00:10:42,461
閒話家常
85
00:10:46,261 --> 00:10:49,821
幸運時還能找到配偶
86
00:10:55,581 --> 00:10:58,181
這位黃花閨女加入舞群後
87
00:11:00,501 --> 00:11:03,061
也許會展開新的鯊生之旅
88
00:11:04,341 --> 00:11:05,781
生兒育女
89
00:11:09,941 --> 00:11:15,061
能有這趟旅程
都要歸功於鋪設數百萬年的
90
00:11:16,181 --> 00:11:18,821
海底火山小徑
91
00:11:26,021 --> 00:11:28,061
我們的海中還是有
92
00:11:28,061 --> 00:11:31,501
地球少見的劇烈自然現象
93
00:11:35,581 --> 00:11:40,341
熱帶地區的太陽能最炙烈
94
00:11:41,461 --> 00:11:44,821
海洋吸收掉大部分的熱
95
00:11:49,141 --> 00:11:52,821
但是暖化的海水有一個洩氣口
96
00:11:56,101 --> 00:12:01,581
把能量轉移到天上,排出多餘熱能
97
00:12:02,581 --> 00:12:07,581
養出地球上破壞力最強的暴風雨
98
00:12:13,301 --> 00:12:14,421
颶風
99
00:12:18,541 --> 00:12:19,941
這隻發育中的怪獸
100
00:12:21,061 --> 00:12:25,821
能改變沿途所有生物的命運
101
00:12:33,501 --> 00:12:35,141
在邁阿密的公園裡
102
00:12:36,701 --> 00:12:40,421
有一種領域性很強的美國生物...
103
00:12:44,941 --> 00:12:46,421
正在宣示主權
104
00:12:55,821 --> 00:12:57,021
變色蜥蜴
105
00:12:59,501 --> 00:13:00,501
狠角色
106
00:13:02,141 --> 00:13:05,221
用伏地挺身展現力量
107
00:13:06,501 --> 00:13:09,661
警告對手離牠的樹遠一點
108
00:13:15,221 --> 00:13:19,501
好讓自己享有更多食物和美嬌娘
109
00:13:25,421 --> 00:13:27,981
但還是有同類當耳邊風
110
00:13:35,101 --> 00:13:35,941
外來者...
111
00:13:38,061 --> 00:13:40,381
看上狠角色的樹了
112
00:13:47,341 --> 00:13:49,661
牠有參一腳的本事嗎?
113
00:13:55,141 --> 00:13:56,141
不錯嘛
114
00:13:59,101 --> 00:14:02,381
狠角色得讓牠知道誰才是老大
115
00:14:04,381 --> 00:14:05,381
看好囉
116
00:14:08,021 --> 00:14:10,821
這才是蜥蜴的大絕招
117
00:14:18,541 --> 00:14:20,821
但是你會我也會
118
00:14:26,981 --> 00:14:29,021
只有一種辦法能解決
119
00:14:52,701 --> 00:14:54,381
可是牠們打仗時...
120
00:14:58,941 --> 00:15:01,501
超強颶風也慢慢接近
121
00:15:12,741 --> 00:15:14,461
牠們衝向樹頂
122
00:15:17,181 --> 00:15:19,701
逃離無可避免的大水
123
00:15:24,781 --> 00:15:26,901
颶風登陸時
124
00:15:36,141 --> 00:15:38,901
兩隻變色蜥蜴抓緊高處的樹枝
125
00:15:45,861 --> 00:15:47,101
如果沒抓好
126
00:15:49,061 --> 00:15:51,021
就會一無所有
127
00:15:54,181 --> 00:15:59,221
狠角色的未來,就靠一指神功
128
00:16:09,141 --> 00:16:11,181
對手也在奮力掙扎
129
00:16:27,741 --> 00:16:32,661
優勝者不但牢牢抓住,也守住地盤
130
00:16:40,621 --> 00:16:41,861
在這場戰鬥中
131
00:16:43,821 --> 00:16:45,781
強者才能生存
132
00:16:48,341 --> 00:16:50,421
但是這種勝利很短暫
133
00:17:01,101 --> 00:17:06,021
人類造成的氣侯變遷
讓現在的颶風威力增強...
134
00:17:07,901 --> 00:17:09,181
也更頻繁
135
00:17:12,981 --> 00:17:18,661
由於這類威脅加劇
使得蜥蜴的身體開始改變
136
00:17:20,221 --> 00:17:23,621
最驚人的是,才不過短短幾代
137
00:17:23,621 --> 00:17:28,661
牠們就演化出更大的趾墊,加強握力
138
00:17:35,221 --> 00:17:39,861
我們還不知道氣候暖化
會讓這些生物怎麼走下去
139
00:17:43,541 --> 00:17:49,101
但是我們知道天氣一定會變得更極端
140
00:17:53,901 --> 00:17:58,821
有的地方淹水,有的地方乾旱
141
00:18:00,741 --> 00:18:05,301
沙漠面積增加,使得各大洲改變面貌
142
00:18:06,781 --> 00:18:09,181
所有的生物都必須適應
143
00:18:10,541 --> 00:18:11,501
否則就消失
144
00:18:16,021 --> 00:18:19,501
這是西非的撒哈拉沙漠南部
145
00:18:24,221 --> 00:18:28,741
濕季越來越不穩定,而且難以預測
146
00:18:31,061 --> 00:18:33,981
白天高溫超過攝氏40度...
147
00:18:36,301 --> 00:18:41,501
讓這片多刺的灌木叢變成露天烤箱
148
00:18:44,581 --> 00:18:46,981
野火肆虐大地...
149
00:18:53,861 --> 00:18:56,541
所到之處,盡是焦黑殘骸
150
00:19:04,741 --> 00:19:08,501
但是有一群動物不會放棄老家
151
00:19:21,501 --> 00:19:24,181
這個寶寶長得很快
152
00:19:29,861 --> 00:19:31,941
所以肚子沒飽過
153
00:19:35,221 --> 00:19:38,781
誰能在這片荒野找到食物呢?
154
00:19:39,301 --> 00:19:40,941
一定是牠的聰明親戚
155
00:19:45,221 --> 00:19:49,581
如果不懂技巧
很難挖出長滿絨毛的木棉果實種子
156
00:19:52,701 --> 00:19:54,741
雖然種子有點乾
157
00:20:03,541 --> 00:20:07,701
想在這裡求生,小女孩就得動動大腦
158
00:20:15,461 --> 00:20:18,501
牠用模仿學習法
159
00:20:22,861 --> 00:20:24,301
這個學生有前途
160
00:20:26,541 --> 00:20:28,941
不過還得打好基本功
161
00:20:35,421 --> 00:20:39,261
知識和技能代代相傳
162
00:20:40,461 --> 00:20:45,901
所以就算到處乾旱
這些倖存的黑猩猩還是活得下去
163
00:20:49,821 --> 00:20:52,461
但是牠們少不了一樣東西
164
00:20:53,301 --> 00:20:55,141
那就是安全的飲水
165
00:20:57,821 --> 00:21:02,021
最重要的一課就是去哪裡找水
166
00:21:14,941 --> 00:21:17,861
河床已經乾涸見底
167
00:21:30,421 --> 00:21:33,341
牠們也許知道哪裡還有最美味的果實
168
00:21:34,621 --> 00:21:38,461
但是連牠的親戚都無法從地上變出水
169
00:21:42,421 --> 00:21:46,541
不過奶奶已經在這裡叱吒40個乾季
170
00:21:51,621 --> 00:21:55,381
只有牠能帶領全家渡過難關
171
00:22:01,661 --> 00:22:03,981
家族緊跟在後
172
00:22:11,141 --> 00:22:13,221
這個家已經乾了
173
00:22:18,661 --> 00:22:23,181
失去棲息地和盜獵行為
使得黑猩猩在過去30年間
174
00:22:23,181 --> 00:22:24,861
數量驟減八成
175
00:22:27,981 --> 00:22:32,701
倖存者現在必須更聰明,更適應環境
176
00:22:48,541 --> 00:22:53,021
奶奶帶著黑猩猩大軍
到未曾乾過的水坑
177
00:23:06,741 --> 00:23:12,661
不過這片靠得住的綠洲
也已經萎縮成一灘死水
178
00:23:16,781 --> 00:23:20,061
這個水不能喝
179
00:23:47,901 --> 00:23:51,101
奶奶在這灘水旁邊挖了一個坑
180
00:23:54,741 --> 00:23:56,301
裡面開始注滿水
181
00:23:58,861 --> 00:24:03,061
這是經過沙子過濾的淨水
182
00:24:07,981 --> 00:24:09,381
全家動起來
183
00:24:18,861 --> 00:24:21,941
奶奶的智慧救了牠們
184
00:24:23,821 --> 00:24:28,181
這孩子也學到以後能用上的寶貴課程
185
00:24:43,661 --> 00:24:46,301
非洲的這個地區乾旱
186
00:24:49,661 --> 00:24:53,701
對遙遠他方的生命也有影響
187
00:24:55,741 --> 00:24:58,381
甚至遠及地球另一邊
188
00:25:00,621 --> 00:25:01,901
沙漠擴大後
189
00:25:03,701 --> 00:25:07,901
能把更多沙塵送到大氣層
190
00:25:10,061 --> 00:25:14,581
高空的風把沙塵帶進天氣系統
191
00:25:14,581 --> 00:25:16,901
擴散到世界各地
192
00:25:19,861 --> 00:25:25,421
前往南北極,最後落到冰河和冰帽上
193
00:25:27,301 --> 00:25:28,741
冰層變得黯淡
194
00:25:29,981 --> 00:25:32,621
因此吸收更多太陽輻射
195
00:25:34,901 --> 00:25:37,661
讓周圍的冰雪溫度上升
196
00:25:48,021 --> 00:25:52,981
世界最大的陸上掠食動物在岸邊覓食
197
00:25:53,501 --> 00:25:55,421
牠餓了整個夏天
198
00:26:03,061 --> 00:26:04,941
現在換季了
199
00:26:06,501 --> 00:26:08,341
特地跑來查看海冰
200
00:26:12,301 --> 00:26:15,181
海冰必須硬到能支撐牠的體重
201
00:26:15,661 --> 00:26:18,501
才能讓牠獵捕愛吃的海豹
202
00:26:22,141 --> 00:26:23,981
可惜今年是暖秋
203
00:26:25,341 --> 00:26:27,541
海冰結得比較晚
204
00:26:33,141 --> 00:26:36,661
急著要打獵的動物不只是牠
205
00:26:41,061 --> 00:26:45,061
幾百頭北極熊聚在加拿大的北方海岸
206
00:26:46,501 --> 00:26:48,061
等著海冰凝固
207
00:26:51,861 --> 00:26:53,661
這些青少年好奇心重
208
00:26:54,701 --> 00:26:58,821
無法抗拒比劃力氣的大好時機
209
00:27:07,861 --> 00:27:10,661
這兩位400多公斤的重量級選手
210
00:27:10,661 --> 00:27:12,581
都可使出致命的一擊
211
00:27:14,981 --> 00:27:17,221
不過牠們只是打好玩的
212
00:27:26,021 --> 00:27:28,101
打架能消磨時間
213
00:27:29,861 --> 00:27:31,421
不過牠還是會餓
214
00:27:35,581 --> 00:27:39,901
牠也許只剩下一個地方能找到吃的
215
00:27:45,421 --> 00:27:49,621
所以牠背對海洋,往反方向走
216
00:27:52,421 --> 00:27:53,261
內陸
217
00:27:54,821 --> 00:27:56,301
朝著森林走去
218
00:28:02,941 --> 00:28:05,061
誰曉得牠會在這裡找到什麼?
219
00:28:22,101 --> 00:28:22,941
狼群
220
00:28:25,421 --> 00:28:26,741
習慣集體狩獵
221
00:28:28,901 --> 00:28:31,301
牠們稱霸北方森林
222
00:28:36,301 --> 00:28:40,781
每天巡視廣達2500平方公里的地盤...
223
00:28:43,101 --> 00:28:47,461
尋找食物和外來者
224
00:29:05,541 --> 00:29:08,701
狼和北極熊通常不會打照面
225
00:29:11,941 --> 00:29:15,181
可是現在兩者越來越常相遇
226
00:29:19,341 --> 00:29:22,461
一隻狼不是熊的對手
227
00:29:24,981 --> 00:29:27,501
可是牠們成群逼近
228
00:29:34,061 --> 00:29:35,541
現在誰是老大呢?
229
00:29:38,101 --> 00:29:39,541
你是晚餐...
230
00:29:41,541 --> 00:29:43,101
還是致命威脅?
231
00:30:08,461 --> 00:30:11,581
到別處找容易下手的對象吧
232
00:30:14,061 --> 00:30:17,581
這頭英勇的北極熊拒絕退讓
233
00:30:17,581 --> 00:30:18,581
迎來勝利
234
00:30:25,541 --> 00:30:28,781
由於必須在海冰以外的地方停留更久
235
00:30:29,301 --> 00:30:34,221
所以北極熊必須思考
如何在這個怪奇新世界謀生
236
00:30:41,661 --> 00:30:45,741
這次在野狼的地盤豪賭
換來豐碩的成果
237
00:30:49,101 --> 00:30:51,061
找到棄置的駝鹿屍體
238
00:30:53,261 --> 00:30:57,301
這頓大餐能讓牠撐到海水再度結冰
239
00:31:03,101 --> 00:31:08,781
不過並非所有生物的技能
都跟得上瞬息萬變的世界
240
00:31:14,501 --> 00:31:18,901
氣侯變遷造成更極端的狀況
241
00:31:20,701 --> 00:31:24,901
打斷生命之網內的基本連結
242
00:31:27,981 --> 00:31:29,861
釀成重大災難...
243
00:31:32,261 --> 00:31:34,901
而且原因讓人意想不到
244
00:31:43,021 --> 00:31:46,821
在內華達山脈的森林深處...
245
00:31:48,981 --> 00:31:52,621
這棵松樹遭到圍剿
246
00:31:57,541 --> 00:31:58,581
敵人
247
00:31:59,701 --> 00:32:01,541
是西方松甲蟲
248
00:32:07,261 --> 00:32:11,341
這個小刺客會尋找弱點...
249
00:32:14,781 --> 00:32:17,781
然後鑽洞、產卵
250
00:32:24,661 --> 00:32:31,581
一旦成功,飢餓的幼蟲
就會從內部吃垮這棵樹
251
00:32:34,341 --> 00:32:36,501
但是這不只是一棵樹
252
00:32:38,581 --> 00:32:40,621
而是隨時備戰的堡壘
253
00:32:42,381 --> 00:32:46,581
在層層阻隔後面
有隱形補給線悄悄流動
254
00:32:48,941 --> 00:32:53,981
樹根每天把近400公升雨水送到樹冠
255
00:32:58,661 --> 00:33:01,741
這些水又能築起另一道防線
256
00:33:05,261 --> 00:33:06,261
樹脂
257
00:33:07,701 --> 00:33:09,621
樹脂會流到防線破口
258
00:33:11,221 --> 00:33:12,781
驅逐外來者
259
00:33:15,221 --> 00:33:20,501
甲蟲天生就是愛鑽
一點點液體是攔不住牠的
260
00:33:23,701 --> 00:33:24,821
但是樹脂...
261
00:33:27,061 --> 00:33:28,301
還有另一招
262
00:33:30,701 --> 00:33:31,541
樹脂乾掉後...
263
00:33:33,181 --> 00:33:34,101
會硬化
264
00:33:41,381 --> 00:33:44,381
就算最有毅力的甲蟲也只能...
265
00:33:49,221 --> 00:33:50,621
瞬間凝結
266
00:33:54,421 --> 00:33:58,261
但是松樹的防線不一定都這麼堅強
267
00:34:00,141 --> 00:34:04,101
氣候變化導致太平洋的天氣型態
268
00:34:04,101 --> 00:34:05,541
漸漸北移
269
00:34:06,941 --> 00:34:10,461
原本肆虐這些加州森林的暴風雨
270
00:34:10,981 --> 00:34:13,621
現在轉而襲擊加拿大海岸
271
00:34:16,501 --> 00:34:22,181
這些樹近年得到的降雨量
只有往常的三分之二
272
00:34:25,821 --> 00:34:28,821
由於水量不足,無法讓樹脂流動
273
00:34:32,981 --> 00:34:37,461
所以情勢開始對甲蟲有利
274
00:34:39,461 --> 00:34:41,101
牠們突破防線
275
00:34:43,861 --> 00:34:47,541
而且牠們的幼蟲鑿穿樹木補給線
276
00:34:51,941 --> 00:34:54,861
切斷樹木賴以為生的水源
277
00:34:58,981 --> 00:35:01,381
樹木必須背水一戰
278
00:35:05,621 --> 00:35:07,421
在寂靜的哭聲中...
279
00:35:09,221 --> 00:35:11,221
森林奄奄一息
280
00:35:13,341 --> 00:35:15,981
一點火苗就能引爆危機
281
00:35:31,021 --> 00:35:36,021
4000平方公里陷入火海
溫度高達2000度,連續燃燒數月
282
00:35:39,981 --> 00:35:45,661
在某些地方
助長火勢的枯木中,有超過八成
283
00:35:46,381 --> 00:35:50,101
是被甲蟲害死的西黃松
284
00:35:56,181 --> 00:36:00,621
不過就算森林大火染紅舊金山天空
285
00:36:05,461 --> 00:36:08,781
這些樹還是有一絲希望
286
00:36:14,301 --> 00:36:18,101
它們開始慢慢往北逃到安全之處
287
00:36:20,941 --> 00:36:24,021
有時甚至每3年可北漂1.6公里
288
00:36:27,101 --> 00:36:32,101
松樹現在能到以前太冷的的緯度生長
289
00:36:35,981 --> 00:36:37,861
林線北移的同時...
290
00:36:39,781 --> 00:36:43,061
也讓其他生物有跟上腳步的機會
291
00:36:45,581 --> 00:36:48,701
可能對我們有意想不到的影響
292
00:36:58,981 --> 00:37:03,741
{\an8}這對英勇的河狸跟著樹木北伐
293
00:37:05,341 --> 00:37:09,781
{\an8}帶頭到更北的地方,超越以前的河狸
294
00:37:17,861 --> 00:37:20,421
最遠可達阿拉斯加凍原
295
00:37:24,381 --> 00:37:30,621
這個新社區建材很多,夠牠們忙了
296
00:37:39,981 --> 00:37:44,101
牠們必須建設新房子和新水壩
297
00:37:47,261 --> 00:37:48,301
用牙齒...
298
00:37:51,581 --> 00:37:52,941
還有腳掌
299
00:38:00,181 --> 00:38:01,981
再過短短的幾個月
300
00:38:02,461 --> 00:38:07,421
北極的冬天就會冰封這片草原
301
00:38:13,861 --> 00:38:19,101
想在這麼北的地方生存
牠們就得小心修建水壩
302
00:38:21,381 --> 00:38:25,621
蓄水太多,牠們的家就會泡水
303
00:38:28,181 --> 00:38:33,781
太少,水池會結冰,把牠們困在家裡
304
00:38:36,381 --> 00:38:39,021
精密工程和瘋狂啃樹之間
305
00:38:39,661 --> 00:38:41,421
必須取得巧妙平衡
306
00:38:45,221 --> 00:38:49,021
只有天氣能判定牠們拿捏對了沒有
307
00:38:56,741 --> 00:38:57,581
冬天來了
308
00:39:00,661 --> 00:39:02,501
牠們家勝出了嗎?
309
00:39:05,981 --> 00:39:09,901
還是牠們在自掘冰墓?
310
00:39:38,581 --> 00:39:39,941
牠們成功了
311
00:39:41,701 --> 00:39:43,501
這個完美的家園
312
00:39:45,221 --> 00:39:48,101
正好適合牠們新闢的疆界
313
00:40:01,381 --> 00:40:08,101
只有春天來臨時
才能看出這個水壩的其他影響
314
00:40:13,181 --> 00:40:18,181
我們的河狸把小水池變成湖泊
315
00:40:22,181 --> 00:40:27,861
吸收春天的陽光
讓下面的凍土溫度升高
316
00:40:30,381 --> 00:40:34,141
土壤解凍後,更多的溪水流動
317
00:40:34,141 --> 00:40:37,381
讓更多樹木紮根
318
00:40:39,421 --> 00:40:42,301
建材數量大爆發
319
00:40:43,341 --> 00:40:46,461
讓更多河狸從南部搬到北部
320
00:40:49,781 --> 00:40:55,301
把這片處女地變成繁忙的邊疆社區
321
00:41:32,261 --> 00:41:36,421
但是這個新樂園沒有表面上美好
322
00:41:41,821 --> 00:41:46,621
阿拉斯加結冰的沼地有一個恐怖秘密
323
00:41:49,141 --> 00:41:50,101
沼地解凍後...
324
00:41:53,141 --> 00:41:55,421
會釋出甲烷
325
00:41:58,661 --> 00:42:03,341
這種溫室氣體能讓氣候失衡
326
00:42:10,301 --> 00:42:15,661
跟二氧化碳相比
甲烷在大氣層吸收的熱多了80倍
327
00:42:16,861 --> 00:42:19,541
讓地下冰解凍得更快
328
00:42:22,541 --> 00:42:25,661
進而釋出更多甲烷
329
00:42:27,221 --> 00:42:31,301
引發惡性循環,溫度不斷升高
330
00:42:34,461 --> 00:42:36,781
這些多餘的熱有90%
331
00:42:38,261 --> 00:42:41,021
都會回到海洋
332
00:42:43,341 --> 00:42:45,781
使海洋催生更多颶風
333
00:42:46,701 --> 00:42:52,061
在某些地方引起更可怕的後果
334
00:42:54,621 --> 00:42:56,821
廢棄鑽油平臺的支架
335
00:42:57,341 --> 00:43:00,861
最適合當這隻小水螅的固定點
336
00:43:03,301 --> 00:43:05,021
從這個好位置...
337
00:43:07,181 --> 00:43:09,461
尋找新的棲地
338
00:43:10,941 --> 00:43:13,901
放下一隻複製後代
339
00:43:24,381 --> 00:43:29,461
一隻水螅在溫暖的海裡能在短期內
340
00:43:29,981 --> 00:43:31,901
創造出複製後代大軍
341
00:43:41,101 --> 00:43:45,941
不過這只是牠們拚命擴張的第一步
342
00:43:50,981 --> 00:43:55,661
短短幾週後,複製後代會開始變化
343
00:44:01,221 --> 00:44:06,901
觸角會消失,身體變成迷你摩天大樓
344
00:44:31,381 --> 00:44:33,741
每隻複製後代都成了生產線
345
00:44:49,181 --> 00:44:51,341
嬰兒輸送帶
346
00:44:59,301 --> 00:45:01,381
海洋暖化,人類捕撈過度
347
00:45:01,381 --> 00:45:02,861
使掠食動物變少
348
00:45:03,661 --> 00:45:07,181
所以這些小水螅的存活數量打破紀錄
349
00:45:14,621 --> 00:45:17,701
牠們只要幾個禮拜就能成年
350
00:45:26,781 --> 00:45:29,221
變成水母
351
00:45:33,461 --> 00:45:37,061
就算氣候變遷讓海洋酸化
352
00:45:37,981 --> 00:45:42,501
但是牠們沒有外殼和骨骼
所以還是能忍受下去
353
00:45:48,461 --> 00:45:51,061
這就是地球最強的生存專家
354
00:45:59,501 --> 00:46:05,061
這些簡單的凝膠狀生物
最後會生出更多水螅
355
00:46:05,861 --> 00:46:10,421
每隻水螅都能創造複製後代大軍
356
00:46:11,021 --> 00:46:12,501
高達數百萬之譜
357
00:46:22,341 --> 00:46:25,421
不斷變動的海洋現在更目睹了
358
00:46:25,941 --> 00:46:32,301
某些科學家所謂的“黏稠怪崛起”現象
359
00:46:35,981 --> 00:46:37,261
水母大海
360
00:46:38,861 --> 00:46:40,501
老鼠大軍
361
00:46:41,501 --> 00:46:43,301
大群昆蟲
362
00:46:45,821 --> 00:46:51,181
這些都在警告我們
大自然的網路已經到了臨界點
363
00:46:55,981 --> 00:47:00,301
我們都要開始受到連鎖反應的影響
364
00:47:06,381 --> 00:47:11,901
但是我們還能讓生病的地球恢復健康
365
00:47:16,501 --> 00:47:21,021
我們和美麗的生物共享一個家園
366
00:47:22,821 --> 00:47:25,581
這些生物只要能養家活口
367
00:47:27,941 --> 00:47:29,701
拯救孩子
368
00:47:31,221 --> 00:47:32,941
保護自己的家
369
00:47:34,181 --> 00:47:37,141
就能讓大自然的網路復原
370
00:47:39,421 --> 00:47:42,621
這正是生物世界最好的特效藥
371
00:47:44,581 --> 00:47:47,461
我們的未來,掌握在牠們手裡
372
00:49:44,861 --> 00:49:49,861
字幕翻譯:溫鳳祺