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‎NETFLIX 原創紀錄片系列

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‎短短五十年前

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‎我們終於登月探索

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‎這是人類史上首次遠眺地球

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‎自此以後，人類人口增加超過一倍

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‎本影集讚頌當今世上的大自然奇蹟

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‎並揭示我們要怎樣保育

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‎以延續人類與大自然的生生不息

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‎在地球上，避難所仍存

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‎這些地區偶爾會出現
‎壯觀無比的野生動物聚會

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‎這些避難所不可或缺
‎卻正在急速消失

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‎劇名：荒漠與草原

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‎地球有五分之一的陸地是沙漠

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‎其中最乾旱的地區
‎是南美洲的阿他加馬沙漠

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‎阿他加馬沙漠的部分地區
‎從未有過降雨紀錄

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‎沙漠或許看似貧瘠、不毛

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‎但對生物而言，沙漠彌足輕重

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‎對能克服沙漠挑戰的生物而言

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‎沙漠是重要的避難所

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‎黑喉鸕鷀

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‎在阿拉伯沙漠的沙塵暴中現身

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‎正是這裡不毛的環境吸引牠們到來

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‎牠們的數量非常龐大

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‎總共有五萬隻

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‎佔了總數的四分之一

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‎牠們來到此地，因為能在這裡繁殖

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‎不受干擾

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‎但在沙漠築巢很困難

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‎氣溫可高達攝氏40度

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‎不過成鳥和白色的幼鳥

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‎都準備好接受挑戰

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‎牠們透過喘氣降溫

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‎如果成鳥的嗉囊看似有食物
‎便會被圍攻

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‎成鳥只會餵哺自己的幼鳥

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‎鳥寶寶一定就在附近

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‎幼鳥追著一隻成鳥，跑進沙漠

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‎不走運

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‎牠們現在要盡快返回安全的族群

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‎沙漠不僅為鸕鷀提供安全的避難所

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‎每天早上都會出現大遷移

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‎現在是高峰時間

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‎族群旁邊有一段狹長淺海

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‎海水中食物豐富

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‎豐富的食物來自沙漠

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‎從陸地吹來的塵土

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‎養分充足，滋養了周圍的海域

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‎因此，潤澤海洋的就是沙漠

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‎在阿曼夏天的季風季節
‎霧從海洋飄至

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‎沿著朵法爾山緩緩上升

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‎濕氣帶來的水氣僅足夠少量植物生長

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‎稀疏的植物便成了生物的中心

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‎羱羊要攀越幾乎垂直的懸崖
‎才可到達為數不多的水泉

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‎但牠們很不安

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‎牠們絕對有理由不安

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‎一隻阿拉伯豹

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‎目前野生的阿拉伯豹僅不到二百隻

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‎這隻雄豹的領地

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‎遍及高山和乾谷，達350平方公里

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‎阿拉伯半島的南端

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‎是少數有足夠獵物

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‎供阿拉伯豹維生的地方

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‎但即使如此
‎在超過一萬五千平方公里的範圍

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‎只有少於六十隻野豹

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‎阿拉伯豹一向非常稀有

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‎但是，與人類的衝突

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‎導致牠們的數量更為減少

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‎僅存的野豹不多

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‎所以，隱藏攝影機拍到的景象
‎可說是個奇蹟

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‎一隻雌豹

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‎牠在追蹤一隻雄豹

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‎這樣的景象已愈來愈罕見

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‎這次短促的交合
‎或許能暫保野豹的未來

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‎但在長遠的將來

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‎牠們的命運將取決於
‎領地是否受到保護

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‎朵法爾山以北的地區

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‎幾乎空曠無物，讓人難以想像

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‎魯卜哈利沙漠

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‎又稱為四分之一空域

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‎這個名字本身

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‎呼應著沙漠的浪漫氛圍

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‎這裡是世上最大的沙海

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‎當中有部分地方是人類從未涉足

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‎只有最厲害的沙漠專家
‎才可在這裡生存

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‎阿拉伯劍羚

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‎牠們出沒的範圍很廣闊

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‎超過3000平方公里

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‎這裡正是其中一個僅存的避難所

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‎劍羚一度被捕獵至絕種邊緣

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‎現在則已重奪先祖時代的領地

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‎在保育人士的協助下，牠們回到家園

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‎但回歸棲息地
‎並不能拯救所有的沙漠動物

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‎沙漠象

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‎納米比亞僅存不到150隻沙漠象

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‎這個最古老的沙漠
‎遍佈交錯的乾涸河床

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‎而河床的出現是出於
‎一年僅有一兩天的水流動

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‎一頭成象

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‎每天要找到200公斤的食物
‎才不至於餓肚子

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‎對這些僅存的大象來說
‎生命是一場無止境的長途之旅

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‎象群由一隻年長的雌象帶領
‎牠是女家長

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‎牠帶領家族成員

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‎前往特別的地方，那裡要有食物

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‎即使在旱季亦不例外

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‎牠從母親那裡得知那個地點

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‎那是很多年前的事

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‎現在，牠要教導牠的幼象
‎如何走到那裡

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‎四處覓食的動物不只大象

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‎沙漠獅

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‎牠們跟大象一樣稀有

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‎幼象由母親保護

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‎所以獅子讓牠們安然通過

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‎遠方的樹是水源的徵兆

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‎河床相當乾涸

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‎不過，白相思樹依舊翠綠

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‎但有一個問題

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‎每年的這個時節

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‎地面應該遍佈白相思樹的莢果

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‎是大象的大餐

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‎不過今年果樹失收

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‎女家長把族群帶來這裡，卻一無所獲

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‎儘管樹葉茂密，但高度太高
‎牠們也摘不到

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‎象群別無他選，唯有繼續前行

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‎一頭雄象高近四米

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‎牠的鼻子能伸到樹冠

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‎可以解決牠們當前的問題

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‎年長的雌象自出生已認識這雄象
‎之前也曾找牠幫忙

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‎大象能在這裡生存

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‎是由於知識代代相傳

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‎但現在存活的女家長少於二十頭

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‎如果牠們的知識不復流傳

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‎大象便可能無法在這裡繼續生存

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‎沙漠不能全年養活大量動物

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‎即使是適應了這些環境的物種

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‎能生存的數目也很少

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‎但在極特殊的情況

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‎沙漠會有很大的轉變

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‎每十年

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‎或許會出現一次大暴雨

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‎一次大暴雨足以讓沙漠綠意盎然

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‎在加州南部

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‎從太空也可看到沙漠的轉變

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‎數百平方公里的地區突然長出花朵

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‎如果這樣的大轉變能定期出現

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‎或許可以發展出新的棲息地

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‎草原

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‎草原是地球物產最豐富的地貌之一

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‎這裡孕育了世上最大群的大型動物

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‎超過一百萬頭牛羚棲息在塞倫蓋提

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‎牠們跟著降雨，以享用最新鮮的嫩草

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‎大群的牛羚吸引了獵食者

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‎五隻雄獵豹

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‎稱得上是我們觀察到最強大的團隊

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‎牠們控制的領地達450平方公里

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‎牠們一同巡視領地

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‎這舉動引來了注意

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‎牠們要改變策略

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‎才可成功獵食

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‎牠們需要掩護

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‎成年的牛羚是難應付的對手

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‎其中四隻獵豹開始跟蹤

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‎牠們直接走近獵物

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‎第五隻獵豹在外圍悄悄移動

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‎牠們要非常接近，才會作最後的衝刺

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‎快成功了

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‎牠們全部離開掩護

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‎每隻獵豹各追一個目標

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‎混亂一片

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‎單獨一隻獵豹無力保住自己的獵物

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‎牠們一定要通力合作

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‎這些場面能夠延續至今
‎全因為塞倫蓋提

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‎過去65年都是受保護的地區

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00:29:26,556 --> 00:29:29,309
‎但塞倫蓋提是一個例外

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‎在地球各處，草原正以穩定速度消失

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‎在180年前，數以百萬的野牛

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‎生活於北美大平原

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‎牠們馳騁的大草原
‎比塞倫蓋提大一百倍

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‎這裡曾是真正的美國蠻荒西部

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‎過往每年夏天
‎雄性以吼叫聲向同類下戰書

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‎爭奪雌性

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‎發情期愈接近高峰，打鬥愈兇殘

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‎不過到了今日
‎草原絕大地區都是一片寂靜

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‎人類宰殺牛群

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‎目前，野牛僅存不到三萬頭

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‎大草原也失去了九成面積

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‎大部分變成農地

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‎我們吃什麼，用什麼方法生產食物

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‎會決定地球草原的未來

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‎歷史證明了我們可以填飽肚子

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‎同時給予大自然空間

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‎匈牙利的古老乾草草地
‎仍然沿用傳統的農耕方式

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‎為極其豐富的物種提供棲息地

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‎蝴蝶數量很多

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‎其中一種蝴蝶的生命週期很複雜
‎幾乎讓人難以置信

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‎霾灰蝶

194
00:33:36,389 --> 00:33:41,978
‎每隻雌蝴蝶必須在特定一種植物上
‎交配和產卵

195
00:33:42,478 --> 00:33:43,563
‎那種植物是肺花龍膽

196
00:33:50,528 --> 00:33:53,197
‎卵很快孵化成毛蟲

197
00:33:55,825 --> 00:34:00,246
‎毛蟲高高的在植物上
‎遠離下方的捕獵者，十分安全

198
00:34:10,631 --> 00:34:14,677
‎不過毛蟲之後的行徑看似自取滅亡

199
00:34:18,806 --> 00:34:23,478
‎牠們順著吐出的絲，爬到地面

200
00:34:25,313 --> 00:34:27,231
‎踏進危險之地

201
00:34:35,073 --> 00:34:38,284
‎面對掠奪的螞蟻，牠們毫無反抗之力

202
00:34:38,534 --> 00:34:39,744
‎螞蟻把牠們抬走

203
00:34:44,248 --> 00:34:48,419
‎但這正合毛蟲之意

204
00:34:51,464 --> 00:34:55,802
‎牠們製造出一種香味
‎跟螞蟻幼蟲釋出的氣味很相似

205
00:35:00,056 --> 00:35:03,768
‎螞蟻於是把毛蟲帶回蟻巢

206
00:35:11,150 --> 00:35:14,862
‎並把牠們安置在巢穴裡的育嬰室

207
00:35:17,365 --> 00:35:21,869
‎紫色的毛蟲
‎與白色的螞蟻幼蟲共處一室

208
00:35:22,787 --> 00:35:24,997
‎牠們發出正確的訊號

209
00:35:29,919 --> 00:35:32,380
‎螞蟻保母急忙餵哺牠們

210
00:35:35,049 --> 00:35:36,300
‎毛蟲還有下一步

211
00:35:38,010 --> 00:35:43,307
‎牠們開始模仿蟻后的聲音

212
00:35:46,018 --> 00:35:49,188
‎結果螞蟻把牠們當成上賓

213
00:35:53,484 --> 00:35:54,944
‎遇上食物短缺

214
00:35:55,027 --> 00:35:58,990
‎螞蟻甚至寧願放棄自己的孩子
‎也要餵哺毛蟲

215
00:36:01,659 --> 00:36:06,622
‎毛蟲獲大量的食物，長得極巨大

216
00:36:14,338 --> 00:36:20,011
‎在往後接近兩年
‎毛蟲在地底不斷進食和成長

217
00:36:21,137 --> 00:36:27,476
‎直至一天，螞蟻不用再餵食

218
00:36:30,062 --> 00:36:32,231
‎毛蟲結蛹了

219
00:36:41,157 --> 00:36:42,408
‎但數星期後

220
00:36:43,242 --> 00:36:47,038
‎一隻霾灰蝶破蛹而出

221
00:37:07,225 --> 00:37:09,185
‎牠們現在開始離開蟻巢

222
00:37:09,518 --> 00:37:13,522
‎離開住了23個月的家

223
00:37:31,082 --> 00:37:33,876
‎剛破蛹的蝴蝶從蟻巢爬出來

224
00:37:34,293 --> 00:37:35,795
‎攀上一根草的莖

225
00:37:36,545 --> 00:37:41,509
‎牠展開翅膀，準備飛翔，尋找配偶

226
00:37:46,097 --> 00:37:50,476
‎這複雜的一生對蝴蝶來說
‎或許是省時省力

227
00:37:50,977 --> 00:37:52,353
‎不過風險其實很高

228
00:37:54,480 --> 00:37:57,858
‎如果螞蟻和肺花龍膽有何不測

229
00:37:58,234 --> 00:38:01,362
‎霾灰蝶便會絕種

230
00:38:16,711 --> 00:38:21,299
‎只有歐洲還存留極少的古老草地

231
00:38:24,051 --> 00:38:26,679
‎但在歐洲以東

232
00:38:27,054 --> 00:38:33,269
‎曾經有片草原，橫跨五分之一的地球

233
00:38:33,811 --> 00:38:36,063
‎從羅馬尼亞延伸到中國

234
00:38:58,919 --> 00:39:03,215
‎這裡有無窮無盡的草原

235
00:39:03,841 --> 00:39:06,344
‎沒有道路，也沒有圍欄

236
00:39:11,599 --> 00:39:16,437
‎這裡沒有樹，鷹在地上築巢

237
00:39:24,403 --> 00:39:30,409
‎曾經，鷹群會捕獵
‎總數多達上百萬頭的羚羊

238
00:39:35,623 --> 00:39:37,708
‎現在還有一些羚羊存活於此

239
00:39:38,959 --> 00:39:43,756
‎牠們是高鼻羚羊
‎唯有在這裡可找到牠們的蹤影

240
00:39:46,008 --> 00:39:49,261
‎牠們特殊的鼻子適合過濾

241
00:39:49,470 --> 00:39:54,683
‎被曾棲息於此的大群羚羊
‎所踢起的沙塵

242
00:39:58,270 --> 00:40:00,773
‎牠們現在卻極度瀕危

243
00:40:01,649 --> 00:40:06,112
‎捕獵與消失的棲息地
‎對牠們造成極大影響

244
00:40:09,448 --> 00:40:13,619
‎但保育工作開始帶來改變

245
00:40:16,038 --> 00:40:20,751
‎這些非凡的草原居民仍然有希望

246
00:40:28,467 --> 00:40:33,180
‎再遠一點，在東面蒙古
‎可以找到相關的證據

247
00:40:33,806 --> 00:40:37,476
‎這裡大部分的草原未被破壞

248
00:40:43,107 --> 00:40:45,818
‎牠們是普氏野馬

249
00:40:47,111 --> 00:40:50,322
‎在五十年前，牠們在野外絕跡

250
00:40:51,115 --> 00:40:53,993
‎幸而還有數匹成馬由人工飼養

251
00:41:00,249 --> 00:41:03,669
‎經小心繁殖，普氏野馬的數目
‎由十二匹慢慢增加

252
00:41:03,919 --> 00:41:06,964
‎直至有充足的數量
‎可把牠們放歸草原

253
00:41:09,758 --> 00:41:11,886
‎這是牠們的後代

254
00:41:22,021 --> 00:41:24,940
‎種馬會保護自己的妻妾

255
00:41:29,570 --> 00:41:34,283
‎牠們必須提高警覺
‎要狂奔保護自己的族群

256
00:41:43,501 --> 00:41:46,629
‎或驅趕想引誘母馬的單身公馬

257
00:42:01,268 --> 00:42:03,687
‎牠們目前有三百匹

258
00:42:05,105 --> 00:42:08,651
‎這些野馬的未來看來比較無憂

259
00:42:12,863 --> 00:42:14,990
‎牠們能在野外再現

260
00:42:15,407 --> 00:42:20,663
‎全因為蒙古的大草原
‎大多未受人類破壞

261
00:42:33,217 --> 00:42:39,306
‎這裡的草是世上長得最高的草之一

262
00:42:42,726 --> 00:42:47,398
‎高得可藏起一頭大象

263
00:42:56,365 --> 00:43:00,286
‎體型龐大的大象住在這裡
‎也看似細小

264
00:43:19,305 --> 00:43:25,769
‎這也是極瀕危的印度犀牛
‎最後的藏身處

265
00:43:36,488 --> 00:43:37,990
‎這裡是印度

266
00:43:39,742 --> 00:43:42,286
‎世上人口最多的國家之一

267
00:43:45,289 --> 00:43:51,420
‎然而印度人有極大的決心
‎保護這些重要的草原

268
00:44:06,602 --> 00:44:12,191
‎生活在植物如此茂盛的地方
‎會是什麼感覺？

269
00:44:21,909 --> 00:44:25,996
‎到處走動也足以讓你陷入危險

270
00:44:41,679 --> 00:44:46,308
‎老虎藏身草叢裡

271
00:44:57,069 --> 00:45:00,572
‎身上的條紋與陰影混成一片

272
00:45:14,545 --> 00:45:18,924
‎長草或許讓獵物看不見母虎

273
00:45:24,972 --> 00:45:28,934
‎但同樣也讓母虎看不見獵物

274
00:45:37,234 --> 00:45:40,446
‎牠要走到獵物20米範圍內

275
00:45:46,618 --> 00:45:51,623
‎牠必須知道獵物躲在哪裡

276
00:46:42,800 --> 00:46:44,593
‎牠可能讓獵物逃掉

277
00:47:06,907 --> 00:47:09,243
‎牠冒險瞥一眼

278
00:47:38,313 --> 00:47:44,528
‎周圍的每隻鹿都知道老虎在哪裡

279
00:47:58,709 --> 00:48:02,796
‎其他的鹿也聽到訊號
‎這宣告老虎的行動失敗了

280
00:48:11,847 --> 00:48:12,806
‎牠的幼虎

281
00:48:22,566 --> 00:48:25,235
‎牠讓牠們藏身在草叢

282
00:48:39,625 --> 00:48:41,710
‎在過去一百年

283
00:48:42,085 --> 00:48:47,799
‎野生老虎的數目銳減超過95%

284
00:48:51,553 --> 00:48:52,971
‎但在印度

285
00:48:53,722 --> 00:48:56,433
‎雖然面對捕獵的巨大壓力

286
00:48:57,517 --> 00:48:59,561
‎以及人口不斷增加

287
00:49:01,063 --> 00:49:04,066
‎老虎的數目反而回升

288
00:49:13,450 --> 00:49:18,580
‎保護草原和沙漠提供的珍貴空間

289
00:49:21,166 --> 00:49:24,294
‎動物便會重現於野外

290
00:49:40,519 --> 00:49:42,729
‎請瀏覽ourplanet.com

291
00:49:43,063 --> 00:49:47,901
‎了解我們現在要怎樣做
‎來保護野生草原

292
00:50:42,497 --> 00:50:45,208
‎字幕翻譯：李恒聰