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‎NETFLIX 原創紀錄片系列

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‎短短五十年前

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‎我們終於登月探索

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‎這是人類史上

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‎首次遠眺地球

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‎自此以後，人類人口增加超過一倍

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‎本影集讚頌當今世上的大自然奇蹟

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‎並揭示我們要怎樣保育

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‎以延續人類與大自然的生生不息

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‎淡水

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‎地球萬物，不論是動物或植物

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‎都依賴淡水維生

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‎不過只有百分之一的淡水是可取用的

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‎劇名：淡水

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‎澳洲中部的沙漠

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‎是地球上最炎熱和乾燥的地方之一

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‎幾乎任何生物
‎都無法在這裡生存一秒鐘

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‎但這浩瀚、空蕩蕩的沙漠
‎每十年會變身一次

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‎在此之前，沙漠以北2000公里處

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‎必須先引發連鎖反應

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‎在那裡，每年雨季所形成
‎充滿濕氣的雲

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‎開始積聚

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‎最後雨從雲灑落，啟動了過程

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‎乾旱多年的河床突然注滿水

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‎洪流匯成一線
‎湧向澳洲的內陸地區

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‎亦即其海拔最低的地方

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‎洪水淹沒沙漠，形成澳洲最大的湖泊

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‎艾爾湖

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‎大量的魚沿著寬闊的河道

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‎往下游進這個愈來愈大的湖泊

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‎鵜鶘從數百公里外的澳洲海岸而來

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‎很多鵜鶘一生中
‎只會見到艾爾湖注滿水的景況一次

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‎牠們如何知道艾爾湖形成了
‎要抵達湖泊應該飛往哪個方向

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‎仍是一個謎團

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‎這些新的水源裡有豐富的食物
‎鵜鶘開始繁殖

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‎不過時間在倒數

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‎鵜鶘吃…

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‎吃個不停…

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‎還是繼續吃

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‎雛鳥一定要盡快長大

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‎因為牠們要變強壯，在數星期內離開

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‎不過時間短促

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‎父母只能在還有水的時候

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‎找到食物

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‎小鵜鶘展開首次大長征

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‎出發到海岸的大長征十分艱苦

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‎最近的海岸在500公里外

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‎湖泊即將乾涸

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‎這裡未來十年都可能滴水全無

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‎這個盛極轉衰的轉變是絕無僅有

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‎但在地球各處，獲得淡水的途徑

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‎變得愈來愈難預測和不確定

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‎然而，地球大部分的淡水都不可觸及

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‎近三分之二的淡水在兩極結成冰塊

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‎這裡的冰厚度達數公里

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‎可能已存於這裡數以百萬年

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‎每年夏天，部分冰塊融化

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‎融化的部分深入冰川中心

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‎這些漂亮的巨大洞穴引人注目

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‎不過它們也是危險的地方
‎因為冰川總在移動

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‎即使在遠離兩極的地方

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‎陸地大部分的淡水每年冬天都結冰

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‎但當春天來臨
‎這廣闊的冰雪水庫融化

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‎偉大的旅程就此開始

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‎冰冷的水奔流下陡峭的山坡

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‎帶走了一種維持生命的元素

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‎氧氣

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‎在南美洲的安地斯山脈的河流

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‎能夠適應湍急水流的生物
‎在這裡可以吃飽

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‎湍鴨有此能耐

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‎接近源頭的水很冰凍，含氧量豐富

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‎不過營養含量很低

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‎湍鴨會食用水裡僅有的食物

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‎石蠅和蜉蝣的幼蟲有鰓

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‎可以從水裡吸取氧氣

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‎牠們扁平的身體能抵抗湍急的水流

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‎蚋的幼蟲

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‎鴨子喜愛的獵物之一

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‎食物經過牠們身邊時，其特殊的嘴部

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‎可以濾除食物的微粒

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‎牠們尾部的鈎子把牠們繫穩於石頭上

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‎但水流有時勢不可擋

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‎不過，牠們靠著一條特別的安全繩索
‎把自己拉回原地

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‎每年都有訪客來到
‎這些含氧量豐富的洶湧河流

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‎鮭魚

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‎牠們一生大部分時間都在太平洋生活

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‎牠們現在完全成熟
‎回到北美洲某些特定的河流

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‎並在那裡產卵

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‎鮭魚跳上一道又一道瀑布，能力超凡

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‎不過即使是牠們
‎也不能獨力跳過我們建造的水壩

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‎今時今日，太平洋鮭魚的數目
‎不足過往的百分之一

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‎為其他眾多動物帶來問題

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‎阿拉斯加棕熊在瀑布等待著鮭魚

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‎沒有鮭魚

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‎棕熊便不能儲存所需的脂肪

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‎撐過漫長的冬眠期

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‎牠們的競爭很激烈
‎務求奪得最佳的捕魚位置

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‎當水流過堅硬的石頭
‎水帶走為數不多的養分

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‎所以只有小量植物能在水中生長

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‎不過在南美洲

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‎這種名為瑪卡蓮娜的植物
‎有能耐茁壯生長

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‎每年有幾個月

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‎當水位降到一定高度
‎陽光可以照射河床

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‎茂密的瑪卡蓮娜便會長出來

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‎這是卡諾克里斯特爾斯河
‎哥倫比亞的彩虹河

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‎可是有時候，水流到地底

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‎陽光照射不到

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‎植物便不能在那裡生長

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‎地球三成的淡水都藏在地底

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‎有的在石塊的孔洞之間

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‎有的在地底湖泊和地底河

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‎因為雨水，地下水略帶酸性

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‎逐漸溶解石灰岩，形成巨大的洞穴

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‎佛羅里達州的地底
‎佈滿這類迷宮般的通道與地下室

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‎它們大多是不毛之地

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‎但當水湧上表面，便會生機勃勃

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‎魚的數量非常龐大

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‎吃魚的動物亦然

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‎水獺

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‎佛羅里達州的湧泉密度是全球最高

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‎淡水從湧泉冒出來

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‎湧泉潤澤河流和水池
‎孕育了各種水中生物

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‎包括佛州一種著名的動物

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‎海牛

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‎大部分海牛在海洋度過夏天

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‎但當冬天到來
‎牠們會游進較溫暖的河流

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‎河流有大量的淡水植物供牠們進食

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‎不過人類現在從湧泉抽取大量的水

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‎同時污染湧泉的水源

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‎導致海牛失去冬天的居所

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‎河流深度較淺，暖化速度也較快

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‎在歐洲，春回大地

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‎氣溫上升，萬物勃發

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‎在匈牙利的蒂薩河，蜉蝣開始出現

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‎牠們以幼蟲的形態，在水裡住了三年

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‎現在，短短三個小時內

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‎數以百萬計長出翅膀的成蟲
‎在死前共舞和交配

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‎這奇景從前在東歐屢見不鮮

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‎但現在很多河流的河岸被加固

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‎而且污染嚴重

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‎蜉蝣大多已經消失

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‎但若河水再次變乾淨
‎野生生物就會迅速回歸

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‎翠鳥，備受讚賞的潛水員

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‎抓捕技術最出色的魚鷹

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‎伊瓜蘇瀑布
‎位於巴西和阿根廷接壤的邊境

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‎這是地球上最大的瀑布

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‎每秒有數以千噸的淡水滾滾流過

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‎伊瓜蘇瀑布大部分的水
‎來自1000公里外的亞馬遜雨林

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‎在亞馬遜雨林
‎水份從叢林樹冠的表面蒸發

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‎一棵樹一天蒸發一千公升的水份

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00:20:34,191 --> 00:20:39,696
‎水蒸氣升上天空，凝結成雲

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‎森林每天蒸發二百億噸的水份

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‎比流經亞馬遜河的水還要多

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‎如果雨林被破壞

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‎這生生不息的循環便會被打斷

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‎雲朵飄過大陸，灑落雨水

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‎灌溉農田和森林

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‎在巴西的平原

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‎雲朵創造出地球上最大的熱帶濕地

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‎潘塔納爾濕地

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‎不過每一年
‎季節更替，河水的流量減少

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‎潘塔納爾濕地縮減成只有數條河道

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‎這正合頂級獵食者之意

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‎美洲豹

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‎牠是游泳能手，但在水裡

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‎牠不能施展可怕捕獵者的撲殺招式

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‎現在是旱季

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‎河岸可能有點擠迫

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‎但美洲豹已注意到河邊的獵物

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‎水豚

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‎美洲豹要成功，必須靠得近

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‎兩隻水豚毫無戒心地站在淺水區

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‎牠們發現了對方

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‎誰會先起步？

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‎河流沿岸更遠之處
‎茂密的植物提供更好的掩護

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‎不過這裡的河岸高度相當高

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‎水豚的聽覺靈敏

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‎光是一個腳步聲…

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‎機會就沒了

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‎再次失敗

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‎或許牠是時候轉向另一獵物

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‎對付這種動物會有危險

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‎不過美洲豹飢腸轆轆

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00:25:36,826 --> 00:25:38,870
‎如果美洲豹要抓到短吻鱷

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‎一定要咬住牠的頸部，牢牢按住牠
‎以防牠反擊

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‎美洲豹要處於獵物正上方的位置

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‎這樣相當危險

188
00:26:21,371 --> 00:26:24,541
‎短吻鱷翻滾身體，嘗試溺斃美洲豹

189
00:26:30,338 --> 00:26:32,591
‎捕獵者和獵物似乎勢均力敵

190
00:26:39,931 --> 00:26:41,891
‎美洲豹不願放手

191
00:27:01,119 --> 00:27:06,708
‎經過20分鐘，筋疲力盡的美洲豹獲勝

192
00:27:17,093 --> 00:27:21,473
‎河水流向下游時，偶爾會遇上湖泊

193
00:27:22,807 --> 00:27:28,688
‎湖水的總量
‎比世上所有河流的水量多出40倍

194
00:27:31,941 --> 00:27:33,985
‎人類可獲取的淡水

195
00:27:34,277 --> 00:27:39,115
‎近五分之一儲藏在非洲的坦干依喀湖

196
00:27:44,245 --> 00:27:49,334
‎不過即使坦干依喀湖面積很大
‎湖裡的生物很少

197
00:27:55,507 --> 00:27:58,343
‎湖泊深度近一公里半

198
00:27:59,135 --> 00:28:03,682
‎但湖底的水幾乎靜止，沒有氧氣

199
00:28:06,184 --> 00:28:10,814
‎只有在最接近湖面的150米地方

200
00:28:11,106 --> 00:28:14,943
‎湖水才有足夠的氧氣，孕育生物

201
00:28:17,779 --> 00:28:20,949
‎這裡的生物數量很多

202
00:28:24,035 --> 00:28:28,206
‎250個品種的慈鯛在這裡演化

203
00:28:28,331 --> 00:28:30,500
‎很多是這裡獨有的品種

204
00:28:40,802 --> 00:28:44,556
‎在這擠迫的水域，競爭很激烈

205
00:28:47,809 --> 00:28:51,688
‎一條雄性美鰭亮麗鯛正在收集貝殼

206
00:28:54,149 --> 00:28:58,236
‎雄性擁有的貝殼愈多
‎吸引到的雌性愈多

207
00:29:02,907 --> 00:29:05,034
‎這條雄性表現出色

208
00:29:34,647 --> 00:29:37,734
‎牠的鄰居只有一個小山丘

209
00:29:43,740 --> 00:29:45,950
‎而這個鄰居是小偷

210
00:29:52,081 --> 00:29:53,792
‎牠一轉身

211
00:29:57,045 --> 00:29:59,005
‎小偷迅速游過來

212
00:30:01,800 --> 00:30:03,343
‎偷去一個貝殼

213
00:30:14,145 --> 00:30:18,691
‎這個大山丘的勤勞主人似乎沒有發現

214
00:30:21,361 --> 00:30:25,031
‎所以小偷一偷…

215
00:30:26,950 --> 00:30:27,784
‎再偷

216
00:30:32,163 --> 00:30:35,625
‎直至牠建成最大的山丘

217
00:30:40,171 --> 00:30:42,382
‎貝殼不只為了好看

218
00:30:42,799 --> 00:30:46,427
‎雌性會把貝殼當成搖籃

219
00:30:50,515 --> 00:30:51,724
‎一條雌魚來到

220
00:30:52,392 --> 00:30:55,562
‎牠的體型很小，只是雄魚的十分之一

221
00:30:57,647 --> 00:31:01,234
‎牠小得可鑽進貝殼

222
00:31:10,201 --> 00:31:15,290
‎牠在貝殼產卵，雄性馬上讓卵子受精

223
00:31:18,084 --> 00:31:23,381
‎雌性會待在貝殼裡達十四天
‎保護卵子，直到幼魚孵化

224
00:31:29,304 --> 00:31:30,179
‎小鱗巨麗魚

225
00:31:30,471 --> 00:31:33,016
‎是坦干依喀湖最大的慈鯛

226
00:31:36,019 --> 00:31:40,356
‎這條長近一米的雌魚
‎必須在無遮掩的地方養育孩子

227
00:31:46,279 --> 00:31:50,700
‎看守孩子是父親與母親的全職工作

228
00:32:00,084 --> 00:32:03,588
‎但這些魚兒面對的是未知的將來

229
00:32:07,091 --> 00:32:11,346
‎全球氣溫上升，坦干依喀湖變暖

230
00:32:13,431 --> 00:32:16,684
‎湖水混和的情況大不如前

231
00:32:17,185 --> 00:32:20,521
‎頂層氧氣充足的湖水在減少

232
00:32:31,074 --> 00:32:33,451
‎東南亞的湄公河

233
00:32:34,327 --> 00:32:39,165
‎長4000公里，有最寬闊的瀑布

234
00:32:43,127 --> 00:32:47,840
‎現時超過六千萬人的生活依賴湄公河

235
00:33:11,114 --> 00:33:14,909
‎雨季的暴雨導致水量急升

236
00:33:15,159 --> 00:33:17,745
‎瀑布幾乎消失

237
00:33:20,790 --> 00:33:23,042
‎湄公河的河水

238
00:33:23,167 --> 00:33:27,130
‎從青藏高原遠道而來，充滿沉積物

239
00:33:30,758 --> 00:33:35,179
‎即使洪水來襲前
‎河水已淹沒廣泛的地方

240
00:33:41,352 --> 00:33:44,188
‎這些露出的根部

241
00:33:44,272 --> 00:33:47,233
‎是水位即將急升的證據

242
00:33:52,739 --> 00:33:54,490
‎當大洪水來襲

243
00:33:54,615 --> 00:33:57,618
‎樹枝也會被淹沒

244
00:34:02,498 --> 00:34:08,671
‎洪水在未來數月
‎為淡水魚創造了地球上最大的繁殖地

245
00:34:12,759 --> 00:34:16,679
‎在氧氣不足的淺水中生活
‎要面對重重問題

246
00:34:16,763 --> 00:34:20,600
‎一種動物有巧妙的應對方法

247
00:34:23,895 --> 00:34:26,105
‎泰國鬥魚

248
00:34:31,736 --> 00:34:34,947
‎雄魚從水面大口吸氣來呼吸

249
00:34:35,156 --> 00:34:37,909
‎在繁殖季節，牠利用這能力

250
00:34:38,367 --> 00:34:40,536
‎建造氣泡木筏

251
00:34:42,789 --> 00:34:44,999
‎牠日復日辛勞工作

252
00:34:52,215 --> 00:34:56,844
‎雌魚在附近等待，游上水面視察木筏

253
00:35:11,818 --> 00:35:16,864
‎牠們溫柔的擁抱對方

254
00:35:26,874 --> 00:35:30,586
‎這樣的結合能幫助雌魚排出卵子

255
00:35:33,589 --> 00:35:37,051
‎卵子下沉時，雄魚就去授精

256
00:35:42,890 --> 00:35:44,892
‎牠們小心收集卵子

257
00:35:49,689 --> 00:35:54,861
‎然後逐一把卵子吹進氣泡巢穴

258
00:35:58,823 --> 00:36:01,742
‎死水的氧氣稀少

259
00:36:01,951 --> 00:36:04,287
‎但卵子從氣泡得到足夠的氧氣

260
00:36:04,370 --> 00:36:05,746
‎讓它們可以成長

261
00:36:08,457 --> 00:36:11,294
‎洪水還未達至頂峰

262
00:36:14,213 --> 00:36:17,508
‎最後，大量的水在湄公河滾滾流動

263
00:36:17,842 --> 00:36:23,347
‎洞里薩湖的面積擴大至旱季時的五倍

264
00:36:25,808 --> 00:36:30,396
‎大量的魚開始游向這些新的餵食場

265
00:36:32,398 --> 00:36:36,235
‎數千年來
‎人們在這季節性活動上捕魚

266
00:36:37,820 --> 00:36:40,156
‎他們在河道一半的地方設置魚網

267
00:36:40,865 --> 00:36:42,491
‎保持另一半的河道暢通

268
00:36:42,575 --> 00:36:45,411
‎讓其他的魚通過並繁殖

269
00:36:49,498 --> 00:36:55,129
‎湄公河孕育地球上最大的內陸漁場

270
00:37:01,552 --> 00:37:06,098
‎全球人類捕獲的淡水魚中

271
00:37:06,557 --> 00:37:08,601
‎有五分之一來自湄公河

272
00:37:10,978 --> 00:37:13,022
‎但湄公河的將來

273
00:37:13,105 --> 00:37:15,608
‎跟地球上很多河流一樣

274
00:37:15,858 --> 00:37:17,652
‎面對愈來愈大的危機

275
00:37:21,072 --> 00:37:23,115
‎地球上最長的河流

276
00:37:23,199 --> 00:37:26,744
‎超過三分之二的自然河道
‎都曾被我們改動

277
00:37:26,994 --> 00:37:30,957
‎其中最大的破壞就是興建水壩

278
00:37:39,465 --> 00:37:44,095
‎所以時至今日
‎世上很多河流已不再流動

279
00:37:50,935 --> 00:37:54,855
‎在東非坦桑尼亞的魯阿哈

280
00:37:55,815 --> 00:37:58,276
‎這些大象在尋找水源

281
00:38:01,779 --> 00:38:08,035
‎每隻大象每天要喝200公升的水
‎但這裡似乎滴水全無

282
00:38:09,704 --> 00:38:14,625
‎不過大象知道猢猻樹含水量豐富

283
00:38:17,169 --> 00:38:20,840
‎在緊急情況
‎牠們會食用大量的猢猻樹

284
00:38:28,514 --> 00:38:31,058
‎獅子也需要水

285
00:38:35,771 --> 00:38:40,985
‎獅子的獵物也聚集在水源附近
‎對獅子實在太方便

286
00:38:44,905 --> 00:38:48,826
‎所以捕獵者和獵物
‎不約而同前往河流

287
00:38:54,790 --> 00:38:56,208
‎直至30年前

288
00:38:56,375 --> 00:38:59,295
‎非洲這一區的河流永不乾涸

289
00:39:04,800 --> 00:39:08,304
‎上游的農業活動現時抽取大量的河水

290
00:39:08,679 --> 00:39:13,309
‎在乾旱的季節，河流會縮減成
‎多個分離的水潭

291
00:39:30,451 --> 00:39:36,165
‎河馬在日間
‎依賴流動的河水保持身體涼快

292
00:39:36,874 --> 00:39:40,169
‎但現在，牠們只能將就使用泥巴

293
00:39:44,423 --> 00:39:48,386
‎河水水位進一步下降，河馬擠在一塊

294
00:39:52,640 --> 00:39:54,433
‎牠們開始煩躁

295
00:40:14,787 --> 00:40:20,668
‎泥濘池愈縮愈小，河馬也愈來愈可憐

296
00:40:33,806 --> 00:40:36,934
‎水牛拼命尋找水源

297
00:40:49,029 --> 00:40:52,908
‎獅子已進佔這個水坑

298
00:41:01,834 --> 00:41:07,089
‎不過，極需喝水的水牛只能繼續前行

299
00:41:20,936 --> 00:41:23,355
‎牠們每天都需要喝水

300
00:41:38,746 --> 00:41:41,040
‎現在每一次喝水都要冒險

301
00:41:42,791 --> 00:41:44,752
‎不過水牛沒有選擇

302
00:42:59,743 --> 00:43:03,706
‎旱災持續，水牛愈來愈虛弱

303
00:43:05,624 --> 00:43:08,544
‎形勢轉變，獅子因而得利

304
00:43:24,435 --> 00:43:27,146
‎大象抵達了河流

305
00:43:31,025 --> 00:43:35,070
‎因為河流乾涸，這裡沒有其他動物

306
00:43:47,207 --> 00:43:50,836
‎不過大象能找到其他動物找不到的水

307
00:43:52,630 --> 00:43:57,009
‎牠們用象鼻在河床的沙石中挖洞

308
00:44:06,518 --> 00:44:09,229
‎牠們靠絕佳的嗅覺

309
00:44:09,313 --> 00:44:13,025
‎偵察到數公里外的地面水源

310
00:44:13,734 --> 00:44:20,240
‎也可以找到接近地面的地下水源

311
00:44:24,995 --> 00:44:29,249
‎在嚴重的旱災
‎牠們挖的水井可能是救生索

312
00:44:38,634 --> 00:44:44,264
‎旱季的艱苦生活一直都是
‎東非平原生活的一部分

313
00:44:45,182 --> 00:44:46,809
‎但隨著全球暖化

314
00:44:46,892 --> 00:44:50,562
‎加上人類為了自身利益
‎抽取大量的水

315
00:44:51,313 --> 00:44:54,650
‎旱災愈來愈頻繁和嚴重

316
00:45:09,039 --> 00:45:12,835
‎北美洲內布拉斯加州的普拉特河

317
00:45:30,936 --> 00:45:36,150
‎沙丘鶴每年向北飛行，跨越美洲
‎都會抵達普拉特河

318
00:45:36,442 --> 00:45:40,404
‎這是動物界僅有的大遷徙之一

319
00:45:42,781 --> 00:45:45,284
‎這裡是牠們其中一個最重要的中途站

320
00:45:53,917 --> 00:45:58,505
‎河流曾經淹沒
‎大草原方圓1.6公里的範圍

321
00:46:02,134 --> 00:46:06,638
‎這裡是牠們進食和休息的完美地方

322
00:46:12,478 --> 00:46:14,354
‎我們現在於河上建水壩

323
00:46:15,397 --> 00:46:18,442
‎又抽取大量的河水供自己使用

324
00:46:18,984 --> 00:46:22,362
‎只給沙丘鶴留下很小空間

325
00:46:36,919 --> 00:46:41,465
‎但保育人士目前控制河流的流向

326
00:46:42,049 --> 00:46:45,761
‎讓沙丘鶴所需的沙洲仍可形成

327
00:46:57,940 --> 00:47:00,943
‎需要水的不只我們

328
00:47:06,907 --> 00:47:12,788
‎但只有我們能確保
‎世上的淡水繼續源源流動

329
00:47:14,873 --> 00:47:19,336
‎也只有我們能決定如何分享淡水

330
00:47:29,888 --> 00:47:34,351
‎請瀏覽ourplanet.com
‎了解我們現在需要怎麼做

331
00:47:34,476 --> 00:47:36,687
‎以確保淡水源源不絕地流動

332
00:48:18,896 --> 00:48:21,356
‎字幕翻譯：李恒聰