1
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[man clears throat]

2
00:00:43,793 --> 00:00:46,296
Sultana Mara, the sultan has arrived.

3
00:00:47,922 --> 00:00:48,840
Here?

4
00:00:49,924 --> 00:00:51,468
Uh... um,

5
00:00:53,094 --> 00:00:55,013
um... I mean... no, I...

6
00:00:55,680 --> 00:00:57,348
He waits in the Assembly Room.

7
00:00:57,766 --> 00:00:59,601
[laughs]

8
00:01:01,394 --> 00:01:05,398
Tell the sultan I'll join him
as swiftly as my feet will carry me.

9
00:01:06,441 --> 00:01:07,817
Thank you, Sultana.

10
00:01:10,403 --> 00:01:13,531
[Dr. Marios Philippides]
Mara Brankovic is one of the chief

11
00:01:14,157 --> 00:01:16,868
personalities of the 15th century.

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00:01:16,951 --> 00:01:20,038
Mehmed had the utmost respect for her,

13
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she was crucial.

14
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She was related to everybody,

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00:01:24,834 --> 00:01:26,628
the royal family of,

16
00:01:26,711 --> 00:01:28,296
uh, Constantinople, uh,

17
00:01:28,379 --> 00:01:29,964
the ruling family of Serbia,

18
00:01:30,048 --> 00:01:32,092
and all her contacts in the West.

19
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She was the link between the Slavic world,

20
00:01:35,178 --> 00:01:37,597
the Greek world, the Ottoman world,

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00:01:37,680 --> 00:01:39,307
and the Western world.

22
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[Mara] Mehmed...

23
00:01:42,268 --> 00:01:43,937
how I've longed to see you!

24
00:01:44,062 --> 00:01:45,355
Mother Mara.

25
00:01:53,321 --> 00:01:54,322
[door closes]

26
00:01:55,240 --> 00:01:56,199
What is it?

27
00:01:59,494 --> 00:02:03,248
When I came here as a small child,
you treated me as your own.

28
00:02:05,625 --> 00:02:06,918
Kind words,

29
00:02:08,044 --> 00:02:10,713
before... something darker?

30
00:02:13,007 --> 00:02:14,551
I'm releasing you from the harem.

31
00:02:15,969 --> 00:02:18,513
Now that my father is gone,
I owe you your freedom.

32
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You wish me gone?

33
00:02:20,306 --> 00:02:21,516
[Mehmed] Of course not,

34
00:02:21,599 --> 00:02:24,185
but it's time for you to return
to Serbia and your family.

35
00:02:24,269 --> 00:02:27,814
I've arranged a unit of Janissaries
to escort you home at week's end.

36
00:02:27,897 --> 00:02:29,190
[Mara] You can't do this!

37
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My family's here!

38
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My place is here,

39
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serving you.

40
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You will serve me, in the Balkans.

41
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I need you, Mother Mara.

42
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Who else can I trust without doubt?

43
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Despite having the options to retire
into obscurity after Murad's death,

44
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Mara Brankovic becomes a very important
advisor in Mehmed's court.

45
00:02:53,339 --> 00:02:58,011
You will be my voice and my ears
in the West as the hour draws near.

46
00:02:59,721 --> 00:03:00,889
Constantinople?

47
00:03:02,640 --> 00:03:04,392
-So soon?
-It has to be.

48
00:03:05,059 --> 00:03:07,061
If I fail, I lose my throne,

49
00:03:07,896 --> 00:03:09,314
and maybe my life.

50
00:03:09,814 --> 00:03:11,566
But with it, Mother Mara,

51
00:03:11,649 --> 00:03:13,568
I will become the new Caesar.

52
00:03:13,651 --> 00:03:15,361
[horse neighs]

53
00:03:21,284 --> 00:03:22,869
Then please,

54
00:03:24,579 --> 00:03:27,582
before I leave, take my counsel...

55
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Study the failures of your father,

56
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and those that came before him.

57
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Their defeats will inform your triumph

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at the gates of Constantinople.

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[narrator] Every empire
has a beginning forged of blood,

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steel, fortune and conquest.

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In 1453, Roman Emperor Constantine XI,

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00:04:02,200 --> 00:04:04,494
and Ottoman Sultan Mehmed II,

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wage an epic battle for Constantinople.

64
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Twenty three Armies have tried
to take the legendary city,

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all have failed.

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Out of the carnage,

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one ruler will emerge victorious

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and change the course of history

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for the next 300 years.

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00:04:21,761 --> 00:04:23,596
For one empire to rise...

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another must fall.

72
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[soldiers screaming]

73
00:04:46,035 --> 00:04:47,996
[men screaming in distance]

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00:04:54,252 --> 00:04:57,463
[narrator] For two weeks,
Ottoman Sultan Mehmed II

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00:04:57,547 --> 00:05:01,259
bombards Constantinople
with the largest artillery attack

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00:05:01,342 --> 00:05:02,844
the world has ever seen.

77
00:05:06,055 --> 00:05:06,889
[screams]

78
00:05:09,309 --> 00:05:11,936
Mehmed sends his elite troops
into the teeth

79
00:05:12,020 --> 00:05:13,980
of Emperor Constantine's defenses,

80
00:05:14,439 --> 00:05:16,649
along the city's ancient stone walls.

81
00:05:16,733 --> 00:05:17,984
[yelling]

82
00:05:19,652 --> 00:05:22,822
The defenders,
led by Italian soldier-of-fortune,

83
00:05:22,905 --> 00:05:24,574
Giovanni Giustiniani,

84
00:05:25,491 --> 00:05:27,577
repel every attack.

85
00:05:27,660 --> 00:05:28,536
Mmm-argh!

86
00:05:28,953 --> 00:05:30,330
Mmm-argh!

87
00:05:34,459 --> 00:05:36,544
[narrator] The walls are still standing,

88
00:05:38,338 --> 00:05:42,508
but the battle for Constantinople
is being fought on multiple fronts.

89
00:05:44,302 --> 00:05:46,888
If we think about the geography
of Constantinople,

90
00:05:46,971 --> 00:05:49,640
water surrounds it
on pretty much all its sides.

91
00:05:49,724 --> 00:05:51,809
And so,
there needs to be a force on water

92
00:05:51,893 --> 00:05:55,146
to take control of the city's,
um, surroundings...

93
00:05:57,482 --> 00:05:59,609
And that front is really, really worrying,

94
00:05:59,692 --> 00:06:02,612
and potentially catastrophic
for the course of the siege.

95
00:06:02,820 --> 00:06:06,074
[narrator] Constantinople is considered
the best defended city

96
00:06:06,157 --> 00:06:07,575
in the medieval world.

97
00:06:08,368 --> 00:06:10,328
But there is a chink in its armor.

98
00:06:10,578 --> 00:06:14,832
The weaker, poorly defended
seaward walls along the Golden Horn.

99
00:06:15,416 --> 00:06:17,710
An inlet on the city's Northeastern side.

100
00:06:19,545 --> 00:06:22,507
The entrance to the Golden Horn
has one protector...

101
00:06:23,132 --> 00:06:26,594
a massive, half mile long cast-iron chain.

102
00:06:26,719 --> 00:06:28,763
[Lars Brownworth]
The Turks have this massive navy,

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00:06:28,846 --> 00:06:30,473
but they can't get into the Golden Horn

104
00:06:30,556 --> 00:06:34,310
because there's this great chain
stretching from the Acropolis,

105
00:06:34,394 --> 00:06:36,646
all the way to the Genovese colony,

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00:06:36,729 --> 00:06:37,814
the tower of Galata.

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[Dr. Emrah Safa Gürkan]
So, if an enemy ship comes,

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they used to stretch the chain,

109
00:06:42,985 --> 00:06:45,405
so this chain will impede their entrance,

110
00:06:45,488 --> 00:06:48,157
and the navy behind that
will fire the ships

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00:06:48,408 --> 00:06:49,700
because they can't move.

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If a friendly ship comes then they will
lower the chain so that they could enter.

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00:06:55,081 --> 00:06:57,041
[narrator] The Roman Navy is small,

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00:06:57,125 --> 00:06:58,459
less than 30 ships,

115
00:06:58,751 --> 00:07:01,921
but safe inside the harbor
of the Golden Horn.

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Mehmed has studied the 23 failed sieges.

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00:07:08,636 --> 00:07:10,680
Without control of the sea lanes,

118
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victory is virtually impossible.

119
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His new 126-ship navy
has been probing the Roman defenses

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00:07:18,646 --> 00:07:20,273
of the Golden Horn for weeks.

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[Talbot] The Ottomans kind of had
this bad reputation

122
00:07:23,985 --> 00:07:25,445
for not being very seafaring.

123
00:07:25,528 --> 00:07:29,073
There was always this idea that, um,
the Ottomans are very much land based,

124
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and naval stuff was for the Greeks.

125
00:07:30,825 --> 00:07:34,579
Whereas actually,
Mehmed invests heavily in a navy,

126
00:07:34,662 --> 00:07:38,291
not least because there's also the risk
the Byzantines might be helped

127
00:07:38,374 --> 00:07:41,252
by naval forces
coming from the Italian states.

128
00:07:41,878 --> 00:07:45,423
So, there's this naval aspect
to the siege that's often forgotten.

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[narrator] In mid-April, the Ottomans
receive word of Genoese warships

130
00:07:55,892 --> 00:07:58,269
approaching from the Mediterranean
in the West.

131
00:07:59,145 --> 00:08:01,063
[Baltaoglu]
They will be here in three days.

132
00:08:01,147 --> 00:08:03,524
Two, if the winds are favorable.

133
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[Candarli] Just the first
of many Christian fleets, I fear.

134
00:08:12,408 --> 00:08:14,535
Last night's attack was a disaster.

135
00:08:14,869 --> 00:08:17,663
The Romans and their Italian mercenaries
are laughing at us.

136
00:08:17,747 --> 00:08:19,207
They were lucky, Sultan.

137
00:08:22,376 --> 00:08:23,711
Baltaoglu Pasha,

138
00:08:24,003 --> 00:08:26,255
I cannot afford
another embarrassment like that.

139
00:08:26,339 --> 00:08:29,217
I have put under your command
the largest fleet in our history.

140
00:08:29,675 --> 00:08:33,346
The Genoese ships must not reach the city
under any circumstance, Admiral.

141
00:08:33,596 --> 00:08:34,889
I promise you, Sultan,

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00:08:34,972 --> 00:08:37,433
we will send the Genoese
to the bottom of the sea.

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00:08:37,767 --> 00:08:40,311
The scorpion fish will...
[whispers] pick their bones clean.

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00:08:40,811 --> 00:08:41,938
[chuckles]

145
00:08:43,189 --> 00:08:45,233
I have no doubt you will be victorious.

146
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But, should you fail,

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I'll feed you to the scorpion fish.

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[narrator] The Genoese Navy is among
the most feared in the world.

149
00:09:08,839 --> 00:09:12,009
The man tasked with stopping them
is Mehmed's top admiral,

150
00:09:12,552 --> 00:09:14,178
Baltaoglu Suleyman.

151
00:09:15,805 --> 00:09:18,683
Baltaoglu,
nicknamed "Son of a Battle Axe,"

152
00:09:18,766 --> 00:09:21,644
has built a reputation
as a fearless warrior

153
00:09:21,727 --> 00:09:24,564
during his years
in the elite Janissary corps.

154
00:09:25,898 --> 00:09:27,108
[exclaims]

155
00:09:27,817 --> 00:09:32,238
His orders are to stop the Genoese
from reaching Constantinople at all costs.

156
00:09:33,823 --> 00:09:36,784
But he'll be battling more
than the Italian warships.

157
00:09:37,410 --> 00:09:41,789
The Sea of Marmara is renowned
for its treacherous winds and currents.

158
00:09:46,836 --> 00:09:49,964
Baltaoglu anxiously awaits
the enemy ships.

159
00:09:55,386 --> 00:09:57,805
The Genoese fleet has been sent
by the pope.

160
00:09:58,306 --> 00:10:00,558
An answer
to Emperor Constantine's prayers,

161
00:10:01,309 --> 00:10:03,936
and critical to his defense of the city.

162
00:10:05,813 --> 00:10:09,150
The warships enter the Sea of Marmara
on April the 20th,

163
00:10:09,859 --> 00:10:13,487
putting them on a collision course
with the Ottoman naval blockade.

164
00:10:13,738 --> 00:10:14,864
[men yelling]

165
00:10:18,784 --> 00:10:20,244
[indistinct chatter]

166
00:10:21,954 --> 00:10:24,832
[Brownworth] Four Christian ships appear
on the horizon.

167
00:10:25,416 --> 00:10:27,668
Three ships bring supplies from the pope,

168
00:10:27,752 --> 00:10:29,629
archers and men,

169
00:10:29,712 --> 00:10:32,381
and then one ship bringing
much needed food.

170
00:10:37,136 --> 00:10:39,096
In God's grace, I said they would come.

171
00:10:39,305 --> 00:10:41,724
In God's grace, they are not here... yet.

172
00:10:43,184 --> 00:10:45,102
They are Genoese, Lord Loukas.

173
00:10:45,186 --> 00:10:47,104
Sit down and enjoy the show.

174
00:10:50,232 --> 00:10:52,360
[Brownworth]
So the four ships are sailing,

175
00:10:52,443 --> 00:10:56,238
and the Turkish admiral
gets his ships into position.

176
00:10:56,739 --> 00:10:58,699
-[men yelling]
-[banging]

177
00:11:05,539 --> 00:11:06,374
Hmm...

178
00:11:07,625 --> 00:11:08,751
just four?

179
00:11:10,753 --> 00:11:12,171
Surely there are more.

180
00:11:13,297 --> 00:11:15,007
This will be over by dinner.

181
00:11:16,425 --> 00:11:18,552
[narrator]
On the land wall side of the city,

182
00:11:18,636 --> 00:11:22,973
the stalemate between the Roman defenders
and the Ottoman Army continues.

183
00:11:24,725 --> 00:11:27,144
Mehmed's land forces open another front

184
00:11:27,228 --> 00:11:30,690
against Constantinople's
seemingly impenetrable walls.

185
00:11:31,482 --> 00:11:33,234
If they can't break through them...

186
00:11:35,027 --> 00:11:36,612
they will go under them.

187
00:11:36,696 --> 00:11:37,780
[shouting] Come on,

188
00:11:37,863 --> 00:11:39,240
you lazy bastards,

189
00:11:39,573 --> 00:11:40,449
dig!

190
00:11:40,741 --> 00:11:42,576
[narrator] Mehmed's mining operation

191
00:11:42,660 --> 00:11:45,788
is led by hundreds
of Serbian silver miners.

192
00:11:46,747 --> 00:11:49,041
[Philippides] Mehmed had sappers,
as they called them back then,

193
00:11:49,125 --> 00:11:51,085
miners, who were from Serbia,

194
00:11:51,502 --> 00:11:53,879
who dug tunnels under the walls,

195
00:11:53,963 --> 00:11:56,340
to weaken the walls,
so they could fall down.

196
00:11:56,882 --> 00:11:59,427
[Talbot]
The Ottomans were digging tunnels

197
00:11:59,677 --> 00:12:03,723
underneath the walls to undermine,
what's where the word comes from,

198
00:12:03,806 --> 00:12:06,892
the walls of the city
by then setting off some gunpowder,

199
00:12:06,976 --> 00:12:08,310
causing them to collapse.

200
00:12:08,394 --> 00:12:11,939
Or setting a fire underneath,
and then that would have the same effect,

201
00:12:12,022 --> 00:12:13,941
therefore causing the walls to fall down.

202
00:12:25,619 --> 00:12:28,080
[narrator] But Emperor Constantine
and the Romans

203
00:12:28,164 --> 00:12:30,040
have an answer to the miners.

204
00:12:31,751 --> 00:12:33,002
John Grant.

205
00:12:33,085 --> 00:12:37,047
A Scottish soldier
with a very particular skill set.

206
00:12:37,548 --> 00:12:40,009
[Talbot]
John Grant is this interesting figure,

207
00:12:40,092 --> 00:12:42,762
and pretty much for all of history,

208
00:12:42,845 --> 00:12:46,891
you will find a random British person
involved in pretty much every war.

209
00:12:46,974 --> 00:12:47,975
And it's always,

210
00:12:48,058 --> 00:12:49,727
well, more often than not, Scots.

211
00:12:49,810 --> 00:12:51,979
Because they just, for some reason,

212
00:12:52,062 --> 00:12:54,064
have that martial gene, I don't know.

213
00:12:55,065 --> 00:12:58,194
Grant has this reputation
as being an engineer,

214
00:12:58,277 --> 00:13:02,656
and his skills are called into use
during the siege from the Byzantine side,

215
00:13:02,740 --> 00:13:04,825
because of the use of mines.

216
00:13:05,576 --> 00:13:09,079
In order to stop this,
you have the counter-mining process.

217
00:13:09,163 --> 00:13:11,415
So you have another bunch of guys
digging under the ground,

218
00:13:11,499 --> 00:13:15,002
trying to listen out for the first bunch
of guys digging around.

219
00:13:18,047 --> 00:13:20,424
[Philippides]
Grant had a very simple strategy.

220
00:13:21,050 --> 00:13:23,427
He put barrels with water,

221
00:13:23,761 --> 00:13:26,764
and he observed the waves on the water,

222
00:13:27,765 --> 00:13:29,809
and he was able to locate those mines.

223
00:13:45,658 --> 00:13:47,076
Lads, you're on!

224
00:13:54,083 --> 00:13:56,418
[narrator]
Over a period of days and weeks,

225
00:13:56,502 --> 00:14:01,173
the Serbian miners clandestinely tunnel
from the Ottoman trenches

226
00:14:01,257 --> 00:14:03,008
to the city walls.

227
00:14:04,176 --> 00:14:05,094
[Grant] Quick!

228
00:14:05,177 --> 00:14:07,847
If they reach these walls,
they'll come crashing down

229
00:14:07,930 --> 00:14:12,268
and these big filthy Turk bastards
will have our balls for breakfast!

230
00:14:20,651 --> 00:14:22,403
[explosion]

231
00:14:27,533 --> 00:14:29,660
[all] Ahh!

232
00:14:34,081 --> 00:14:35,958
[narrator]
Baltaoglu and the Ottoman Navy

233
00:14:36,041 --> 00:14:39,044
are all that stands
between the Genoese fleet

234
00:14:39,128 --> 00:14:41,422
and safe harbor in the Golden Horn.

235
00:14:42,965 --> 00:14:45,301
[all grunting]

236
00:14:45,384 --> 00:14:49,013
[narrator] But first, they must stop
the bigger and faster sailing ships.

237
00:14:54,101 --> 00:14:56,228
The Ottoman sailors pick up the pace,

238
00:14:56,312 --> 00:15:00,107
bringing their archers within
firing distance of the Genoese sails.

239
00:15:07,031 --> 00:15:09,825
The dying winds slow
the Genoese warships.

240
00:15:12,953 --> 00:15:15,915
They are now sitting ducks
for the approaching Ottomans.

241
00:15:18,000 --> 00:15:19,335
[man] Pull!

242
00:15:19,418 --> 00:15:20,794
[men] Pull!

243
00:15:21,128 --> 00:15:22,212
[man] Pull!

244
00:15:22,296 --> 00:15:23,881
[men] Pull!

245
00:15:24,298 --> 00:15:25,966
Prepare the archers!

246
00:15:30,512 --> 00:15:31,472
Ready!

247
00:15:32,389 --> 00:15:33,849
Fire!

248
00:15:43,400 --> 00:15:44,276
Take cover!

249
00:15:47,279 --> 00:15:49,031
[shouting]

250
00:15:59,249 --> 00:16:00,417
Put out the fires!

251
00:16:01,377 --> 00:16:02,753
Put out the fires!

252
00:16:06,715 --> 00:16:08,676
[men shouting]

253
00:16:13,973 --> 00:16:15,599
Yeah!

254
00:16:17,935 --> 00:16:19,979
[shouting]

255
00:16:35,411 --> 00:16:36,286
Ready?

256
00:16:36,829 --> 00:16:38,330
Aim for the sails!

257
00:16:38,414 --> 00:16:39,999
Fire!

258
00:16:45,963 --> 00:16:47,548
They will never survive this.

259
00:16:48,841 --> 00:16:50,175
Don't despair yet.

260
00:16:53,846 --> 00:16:55,764
We just need the winds to pick up.

261
00:17:00,894 --> 00:17:02,479
[shouting]

262
00:17:02,563 --> 00:17:03,897
[Baltaoglu] Go on! Go on!

263
00:17:03,981 --> 00:17:05,024
Go on!

264
00:17:07,609 --> 00:17:09,361
Come on, boys, come on!

265
00:17:09,695 --> 00:17:12,614
-Pull!
-[Baltaoglu] Put your backs into it!

266
00:17:13,240 --> 00:17:14,658
They're slowing down!

267
00:17:20,873 --> 00:17:22,249
[man] Help!

268
00:17:26,253 --> 00:17:27,796
[men] Pull!

269
00:17:29,048 --> 00:17:32,217
[narrator] With no wind,
the galleons sails go limp,

270
00:17:32,301 --> 00:17:36,430
allowing the smaller oared boats
of the Ottomans to close the gap.

271
00:17:37,056 --> 00:17:38,724
Finish them, Baltaoglu.

272
00:17:47,524 --> 00:17:50,527
[narrator] Outside the Western walls
of Constantinople,

273
00:17:50,611 --> 00:17:53,906
the Serbian miners continue
tunneling towards the city.

274
00:17:56,533 --> 00:17:58,035
[Grant] We're close, boys!

275
00:17:58,243 --> 00:17:59,453
I smell a rat!

276
00:18:00,913 --> 00:18:02,623
-[man coughing]
-[dirt tumbling]

277
00:18:10,339 --> 00:18:11,882
Hello, you wee shite!

278
00:18:12,382 --> 00:18:13,675
Go!

279
00:18:13,759 --> 00:18:15,219
[Grant] Light 'em up, lads!

280
00:18:16,386 --> 00:18:17,846
[men screaming]

281
00:18:24,686 --> 00:18:26,271
[screaming]

282
00:18:34,613 --> 00:18:38,283
[narrator] John Grant torches the tunnels
with Greek Fire,

283
00:18:38,700 --> 00:18:40,661
an ancient version of napalm

284
00:18:40,744 --> 00:18:44,623
that adheres to whatever it touches
and burns for hours.

285
00:18:46,583 --> 00:18:48,502
[cheering]

286
00:18:52,172 --> 00:18:54,716
[narrator]
Dozens of Mehmed's miners are killed,

287
00:18:54,800 --> 00:18:58,679
and the walls of Constantinople
remain standing.

288
00:19:02,015 --> 00:19:05,477
In the Sea of Marmara,
the winds have died completely.

289
00:19:07,855 --> 00:19:10,649
Time is running out
on the stranded Genoese fleet,

290
00:19:10,732 --> 00:19:13,193
as the Ottoman warships close in.

291
00:19:13,610 --> 00:19:14,820
They are coming!

292
00:19:15,529 --> 00:19:17,197
Lash the ships together!

293
00:19:17,281 --> 00:19:18,574
[men shouting]

294
00:19:20,951 --> 00:19:23,412
The Christians eventually tie
themselves together,

295
00:19:23,495 --> 00:19:25,622
and make kind of this floating castle,

296
00:19:25,706 --> 00:19:27,457
and it looks like a sitting duck.

297
00:19:28,292 --> 00:19:31,336
But the Christian ships have an advantage
that they are higher,

298
00:19:31,420 --> 00:19:33,881
they can fire down on the Ottoman ships.

299
00:19:37,634 --> 00:19:39,386
Prepare to board!

300
00:19:39,970 --> 00:19:41,180
Yah!

301
00:19:44,850 --> 00:19:46,101
[Baltaoglu] Argh!

302
00:19:46,185 --> 00:19:47,436
Kill them all!

303
00:19:57,279 --> 00:19:58,405
[screams]

304
00:20:05,162 --> 00:20:07,080
The Ottomans had these,
what's called Hadirika,

305
00:20:07,164 --> 00:20:08,665
they are ordinary boats.

306
00:20:08,749 --> 00:20:11,585
Whereas the Europeans had
the galleons already.

307
00:20:11,919 --> 00:20:15,923
So, when a Hadirika comes next
to a galleon, you have to climb to it.

308
00:20:16,006 --> 00:20:19,718
It's much easier for them to kill you,
than it is for you to kill them.

309
00:20:19,801 --> 00:20:21,345
[grunts]

310
00:20:25,224 --> 00:20:26,767
[screaming]

311
00:20:30,020 --> 00:20:31,021
[grunts]

312
00:20:36,443 --> 00:20:37,861
[screams]

313
00:20:39,613 --> 00:20:40,656
Go!

314
00:20:41,156 --> 00:20:42,282
Go!

315
00:20:42,866 --> 00:20:43,867
Go!

316
00:20:47,037 --> 00:20:49,706
Sink them, Baltaoglu, do it now!

317
00:20:51,083 --> 00:20:52,084
Come on.

318
00:21:00,467 --> 00:21:02,302
[wind blowing]

319
00:21:13,355 --> 00:21:14,648
[screams]

320
00:21:15,732 --> 00:21:17,276
[grunts]

321
00:21:18,986 --> 00:21:20,028
Go!

322
00:21:20,570 --> 00:21:21,571
Move!

323
00:21:22,030 --> 00:21:23,448
[screams]

324
00:21:28,537 --> 00:21:29,955
[narrator] Amidst the chaos,

325
00:21:30,038 --> 00:21:31,915
Baltaoglu is gravely wounded.

326
00:21:36,962 --> 00:21:40,257
The fickle winds of the Marmara
intervene once again...

327
00:21:41,466 --> 00:21:42,509
No.

328
00:21:43,760 --> 00:21:46,096
...filling the sails of the Genoese ships.

329
00:21:49,308 --> 00:21:52,519
It is now a last desperate sprint
to the Golden Horn.

330
00:21:55,355 --> 00:21:57,983
With many of his men dead or wounded,

331
00:21:58,066 --> 00:22:02,654
Baltaoglu falls further and further
behind the fleeing Genoese fleet.

332
00:22:04,531 --> 00:22:05,782
Quickly, men!

333
00:22:05,866 --> 00:22:08,368
Before they make it to the Golden Horn!

334
00:22:29,264 --> 00:22:31,516
[Brownworth]
Both sides give as good as they get,

335
00:22:31,600 --> 00:22:35,103
but eventually these four ships managed
to make it all the way to the chain,

336
00:22:35,187 --> 00:22:37,356
the chain is lowered and they get through.

337
00:22:37,439 --> 00:22:41,485
Uh, and it's really a morale booster
for the besieged people.

338
00:22:41,568 --> 00:22:43,695
[cheering]

339
00:22:47,157 --> 00:22:48,992
What a glorious day!

340
00:22:50,452 --> 00:22:52,287
God has smiled upon us!

341
00:23:00,754 --> 00:23:02,172
Bring me Baltaoglu.

342
00:23:07,803 --> 00:23:11,181
[Sengör]
A hundred and forty piece Ottoman Navy

343
00:23:11,264 --> 00:23:14,309
could not stop just four Genoese vessels,

344
00:23:14,393 --> 00:23:17,437
only three of which were military.

345
00:23:17,896 --> 00:23:21,650
And Mehmed was beside himself,
he was so upset, rightly so.

346
00:23:24,444 --> 00:23:26,196
[laughter]

347
00:23:26,279 --> 00:23:28,198
The Holy Spirit has saved us today.

348
00:23:28,281 --> 00:23:29,699
Hooray!

349
00:23:30,492 --> 00:23:32,327
As long as the Spirit is here,

350
00:23:32,411 --> 00:23:33,620
the walls will hold!

351
00:23:33,703 --> 00:23:34,913
Hooray!

352
00:23:40,710 --> 00:23:41,711
Sultan!

353
00:23:41,795 --> 00:23:43,547
We brought Suleyman Pasha.

354
00:23:43,880 --> 00:23:46,133
Perhaps the Ottomans
will finally learn their place.

355
00:23:46,216 --> 00:23:47,050
Yeah!

356
00:23:47,134 --> 00:23:51,430
Perhaps, but the sultan is proud
and has lost much in both men and pride.

357
00:23:51,513 --> 00:23:53,598
He will want something for his pains.

358
00:23:54,099 --> 00:23:56,893
Then let him kneel before the emperor,
and beg for it!

359
00:23:56,977 --> 00:23:57,894
Yeah!

360
00:23:59,104 --> 00:24:02,774
Still it would be prudent
to remember the temperament of the man.

361
00:24:03,567 --> 00:24:05,277
If we helped him save face...

362
00:24:07,404 --> 00:24:09,281
offer some sort of truce?

363
00:24:09,364 --> 00:24:11,199
-A truce?
-God is only truce!

364
00:24:16,705 --> 00:24:17,539
Sultan!

365
00:24:27,340 --> 00:24:29,301
Take it to him yourself, Lord Loukas,

366
00:24:29,384 --> 00:24:30,677
if you like him so much.

367
00:24:30,760 --> 00:24:32,053
[laughter]

368
00:24:32,929 --> 00:24:35,432
Have faith, Loukas, God has spoken.

369
00:24:35,974 --> 00:24:38,977
Mehmed will lead his dogs home
with their tail between their legs!

370
00:24:39,060 --> 00:24:40,270
Yeah!

371
00:24:48,695 --> 00:24:49,821
[heavy breathing]

372
00:24:52,407 --> 00:24:54,075
I'll behead you right here.

373
00:24:55,118 --> 00:24:56,328
Tell me why not?

374
00:25:01,166 --> 00:25:02,584
I have failed you, Sultan.

375
00:25:04,169 --> 00:25:05,295
Forgive me.

376
00:25:06,379 --> 00:25:08,006
You made a fool of me.

377
00:25:10,509 --> 00:25:11,676
You're a coward!

378
00:25:13,220 --> 00:25:14,930
Say what you will, Sultan,

379
00:25:15,805 --> 00:25:17,390
but I am no coward.

380
00:25:18,266 --> 00:25:20,477
I would have gladly died on my ship,

381
00:25:20,936 --> 00:25:23,146
and I will gladly die here by your sword.

382
00:25:24,814 --> 00:25:25,941
Any fault is mine.

383
00:25:26,983 --> 00:25:28,360
Punish me, Sultan,

384
00:25:29,444 --> 00:25:30,654
but forgive my men.

385
00:25:32,405 --> 00:25:34,324
We fought till we could fight no more.

386
00:25:34,407 --> 00:25:36,660
-Argh!
-Show him mercy, Sultan!

387
00:25:38,828 --> 00:25:42,165
This is an honorable man
who has proven himself a loyal soldier

388
00:25:42,249 --> 00:25:43,542
in countless battles.

389
00:25:45,085 --> 00:25:46,670
He has lost an eye for you.

390
00:25:47,337 --> 00:25:50,257
[Crowley] Mehmed was used
to making examples of people.

391
00:25:50,340 --> 00:25:52,050
The Admiral, Baltaoglu,

392
00:25:52,133 --> 00:25:54,678
failed to win a sea battle
just off the walls,

393
00:25:55,178 --> 00:25:58,306
and Mehmed had him

394
00:25:58,390 --> 00:26:00,350
singled out in front of the whole army,

395
00:26:00,684 --> 00:26:03,937
and he was, uh, going to be executed.

396
00:26:04,354 --> 00:26:07,732
This kind of concentrated
the minds of everybody else,

397
00:26:07,816 --> 00:26:09,568
that you could not fail,

398
00:26:09,651 --> 00:26:11,611
and the sultan was watching you.

399
00:26:13,405 --> 00:26:14,406
[sailor] Sultan!

400
00:26:15,740 --> 00:26:17,284
Have mercy for your commander.

401
00:26:19,327 --> 00:26:23,123
I fought with Suleyman Pasha in Bulgaria,
he is a good man.

402
00:26:23,206 --> 00:26:25,125
I will sacrifice my life for his.

403
00:26:27,460 --> 00:26:28,670
[Janissary guard] And mine!

404
00:26:29,754 --> 00:26:31,298
He fought like a true warrior.

405
00:26:31,381 --> 00:26:34,092
[shouting] You dare challenge
your supreme leader?

406
00:26:34,175 --> 00:26:36,303
I should have you all impaled!

407
00:26:51,026 --> 00:26:52,652
Mercy is noble, Sultan.

408
00:26:54,613 --> 00:26:55,947
Mercy is noble.

409
00:26:59,951 --> 00:27:01,536
Give him 100 lashings.

410
00:27:03,580 --> 00:27:05,123
You are merciful, Sultan.

411
00:27:27,228 --> 00:27:28,521
How bad is he?

412
00:27:32,108 --> 00:27:33,234
Lady Therma?

413
00:27:36,738 --> 00:27:39,866
I only hope
we can give them a decent burial.

414
00:27:44,663 --> 00:27:45,955
Your bandage is filthy.

415
00:27:47,540 --> 00:27:49,376
I've been a little preoccupied.

416
00:27:50,293 --> 00:27:53,254
Let me clean the wound, before it festers.

417
00:28:01,971 --> 00:28:03,306
This might be painful.

418
00:28:04,391 --> 00:28:05,558
I can take it.

419
00:28:32,919 --> 00:28:35,797
Mara, news from Constantinople.

420
00:28:48,309 --> 00:28:51,980
[narrator] Word of Mehmed's setback
outside the walls of Constantinople

421
00:28:52,063 --> 00:28:53,481
reaches the Balkans.

422
00:28:55,608 --> 00:28:56,818
What is it, sister?

423
00:28:57,986 --> 00:29:01,614
[narrator] His stepmother, Mara,
now lives in the palace of her father,

424
00:29:01,698 --> 00:29:04,367
the Serbian ruler Durad Brankovic,

425
00:29:04,451 --> 00:29:07,454
who has a fragile peace treaty
with the Ottomans.

426
00:29:08,872 --> 00:29:11,249
[General Stefan]
Lord, we can send an army now.

427
00:29:11,332 --> 00:29:14,002
The Ottomans are bogged down
outside Constantinople.

428
00:29:14,627 --> 00:29:16,838
The Wallachians would be with us as well.

429
00:29:17,088 --> 00:29:20,884
[narrator] The Serbs and Hungarians
are longtime rivals of the Ottomans.

430
00:29:21,259 --> 00:29:24,053
The Hungarians launched a crusade
against Mehmed

431
00:29:24,137 --> 00:29:26,598
nine years earlier during his first reign.

432
00:29:26,890 --> 00:29:28,683
They remain a constant threat.

433
00:29:29,893 --> 00:29:31,728
What of the Catholics and the pope?

434
00:29:31,811 --> 00:29:33,980
There is word of an army
of 40 Italian ships

435
00:29:34,063 --> 00:29:35,482
gathering in the Aegean.

436
00:29:35,690 --> 00:29:37,484
They could reach the city within a month.

437
00:29:39,486 --> 00:29:40,487
This is--

438
00:29:48,787 --> 00:29:49,913
[Mara] General Stefan.

439
00:29:50,455 --> 00:29:51,915
What is it, daughter?

440
00:29:57,170 --> 00:29:59,172
I wasn't aware you were visiting.

441
00:30:01,341 --> 00:30:03,343
Nothing to be concerned about.

442
00:30:07,180 --> 00:30:10,934
I hear worrying rumors
of much bloodshed in Constantinople.

443
00:30:11,726 --> 00:30:15,438
Rumors are always rife, my dear.

444
00:30:18,900 --> 00:30:20,568
Was there something you wanted?

445
00:30:22,487 --> 00:30:24,113
Please, continue.

446
00:30:34,624 --> 00:30:36,084
Get me a messenger now.

447
00:30:36,167 --> 00:30:38,294
He must make haste to Constantinople.

448
00:30:48,972 --> 00:30:51,349
[narrator]
After nearly three weeks of fighting,

449
00:30:51,432 --> 00:30:54,143
the siege of Constantinople is
at a crossroads.

450
00:30:55,353 --> 00:31:00,275
Mehmed must decide to withdraw
and cut his losses, or change tactics.

451
00:31:01,526 --> 00:31:04,863
A larger question hangs heavy
over his camp.

452
00:31:05,280 --> 00:31:08,241
Does he still have the loyalty
of his troops?

453
00:31:08,324 --> 00:31:11,077
[Gürkan]
The morale was low on the Ottoman camp,

454
00:31:11,160 --> 00:31:13,371
propagated by the defeatist elements
in the army.

455
00:31:13,454 --> 00:31:16,624
But it was quite possible
if the siege took too long,

456
00:31:16,708 --> 00:31:19,919
there was gonna be reinforcements
coming from the West.

457
00:31:20,003 --> 00:31:21,421
Then you would've been doomed.

458
00:31:24,632 --> 00:31:29,095
Taking Constantinople would be
near impossible for Alexander, or Caesar.

459
00:31:29,178 --> 00:31:31,097
Near, but not impossible.

460
00:31:31,180 --> 00:31:34,475
With their entire armies mustered
at the city walls.

461
00:31:34,642 --> 00:31:36,394
Speaking in hypotheticals.

462
00:31:36,477 --> 00:31:40,189
It won't be hypothetical
if we lose the faith of our men.

463
00:31:40,648 --> 00:31:42,358
Pasha, I can assure you--

464
00:31:42,442 --> 00:31:45,445
What you need right now,
is to turn defeat into victory!

465
00:31:48,072 --> 00:31:50,325
Offer terms for a truce to end the siege.

466
00:31:51,117 --> 00:31:54,495
The emperor would be a fool
not to embrace it in the circumstances.

467
00:31:56,372 --> 00:31:58,750
You are in a position
to demand concessions,

468
00:31:58,833 --> 00:32:00,877
that no other sultan has achieved.

469
00:32:02,170 --> 00:32:04,881
Taxes, increased borders, territory--

470
00:32:04,964 --> 00:32:06,466
But not the city!

471
00:32:07,091 --> 00:32:09,218
It's a clear victory regardless.

472
00:32:09,302 --> 00:32:11,012
-Maybe back in your day--
-Enough!

473
00:32:19,312 --> 00:32:20,980
[neighs]

474
00:32:24,359 --> 00:32:26,861
From the Serbian court,
for the sultan's eyes only.

475
00:32:36,329 --> 00:32:40,875
My stepmother warns of conspiracy
from the Balkan states.

476
00:32:43,962 --> 00:32:45,380
We must act quickly.

477
00:32:46,881 --> 00:32:47,924
I agree.

478
00:32:48,257 --> 00:32:50,218
Mehmed, he's young and headstrong.

479
00:32:50,718 --> 00:32:54,263
He wants to do something
that really captures the imagination.

480
00:32:54,889 --> 00:32:57,558
But people like Candarli,
they're bureaucrats:

481
00:32:57,642 --> 00:33:00,395
"Let's have more peace talks," "We need
to be cautious with our neighbors,"

482
00:33:00,478 --> 00:33:02,689
"Let's not jeopardize
what we've already got."

483
00:33:02,772 --> 00:33:05,692
Capturing the imagination is all
very well, but how much does it cost?

484
00:33:07,568 --> 00:33:10,113
Halil Pasha,
I'll consider your suggestion.

485
00:33:10,196 --> 00:33:11,489
That will be all, thank you.

486
00:33:11,572 --> 00:33:12,865
Zagonos Pasha come with me.

487
00:33:12,949 --> 00:33:17,328
[Woodwin] Because if Mehmed fails
with this idea that he can take the city,

488
00:33:17,912 --> 00:33:19,080
what would happen then?

489
00:33:22,291 --> 00:33:25,128
[narrator] With rumors
of a looming attack from the West,

490
00:33:25,211 --> 00:33:29,716
spies secretly back-channel
between the Roman and Ottoman courts.

491
00:33:30,842 --> 00:33:33,011
You grew up playing on the walls,

492
00:33:33,928 --> 00:33:36,097
when the slave master wasn't looking.

493
00:33:36,597 --> 00:33:39,767
So don't tell me you don't know
a hidden way out of the city.

494
00:33:39,851 --> 00:33:41,936
But it's too dangerous outside the walls.

495
00:33:42,437 --> 00:33:43,604
Turks are everywhere.

496
00:33:43,688 --> 00:33:44,981
Have I not paid you well?

497
00:33:46,107 --> 00:33:48,151
Found a placement in the palace?

498
00:33:48,234 --> 00:33:51,279
Let me take your message.
No one sees a girl like me.

499
00:33:51,362 --> 00:33:53,072
It's a sensitive matter.

500
00:33:54,824 --> 00:33:56,659
I must tend to it personally.

501
00:34:00,079 --> 00:34:01,039
There is...

502
00:34:02,874 --> 00:34:04,625
there is the old cistern system.

503
00:34:05,668 --> 00:34:06,669
Take me there.

504
00:34:34,781 --> 00:34:37,700
[Ana] I used to come down here
to play when I was alone.

505
00:34:40,495 --> 00:34:42,371
I've never shown it to anyone else.

506
00:34:45,875 --> 00:34:48,127
[Loukas] I chose you well, my dear girl.

507
00:34:49,587 --> 00:34:53,007
You've had courage in your veins
for longer than most warriors.

508
00:34:56,719 --> 00:34:57,720
This way.

509
00:35:02,100 --> 00:35:05,812
[narrator] The ancient cisterns
snaking beneath Constantinople

510
00:35:06,771 --> 00:35:09,690
provide a covert way outside the city.

511
00:35:18,366 --> 00:35:21,327
[Ana] We are a quarter of a mile
outside the Ottoman camp.

512
00:35:21,410 --> 00:35:22,411
[Loukas] Okay.

513
00:35:23,871 --> 00:35:25,081
Go back to the city.

514
00:35:25,623 --> 00:35:28,334
If the Ottomans see you
they will kill you on the spot.

515
00:35:28,417 --> 00:35:29,836
I can deal with them.

516
00:35:30,628 --> 00:35:31,712
Go back.

517
00:35:37,135 --> 00:35:38,845
[Loukas sighs] Hey...

518
00:35:41,180 --> 00:35:42,223
go, child.

519
00:36:23,472 --> 00:36:26,392
[soldier] Stop! Who are you,
and what's your business here?

520
00:36:28,853 --> 00:36:32,064
I'm a Roman nobleman with news
that could help your cause.

521
00:36:32,148 --> 00:36:34,317
[soldier] Then why you kneel down
like a slave huh?

522
00:36:35,651 --> 00:36:36,652
[Loukas sighs]

523
00:36:41,991 --> 00:36:44,076
If you knew who I was, soldier,

524
00:36:44,535 --> 00:36:46,913
you would speak to me
with a little more respect.

525
00:36:46,996 --> 00:36:48,080
Argh!

526
00:36:53,628 --> 00:36:55,087
[door opens]

527
00:37:02,303 --> 00:37:03,346
Wake up.

528
00:37:05,890 --> 00:37:07,934
Wake up, you old Greek.

529
00:37:08,017 --> 00:37:09,393
[Loukas groans]

530
00:37:20,446 --> 00:37:22,990
Oh, I've died and gone to hell.

531
00:37:24,408 --> 00:37:27,828
I would choose my words wisely,
Lord Notaras.

532
00:37:29,538 --> 00:37:32,041
I'm the only reason you are still alive.

533
00:37:45,763 --> 00:37:47,098
Are you here to defect?

534
00:37:48,516 --> 00:37:49,475
Hardly.

535
00:37:50,643 --> 00:37:52,144
I'm here for business.

536
00:37:52,228 --> 00:37:53,187
[laughs]

537
00:37:54,063 --> 00:37:57,775
I'm here... to discuss terms for truce.

538
00:38:06,701 --> 00:38:08,494
By the order of the emperor?

539
00:38:09,287 --> 00:38:10,538
Leave him to me.

540
00:38:14,583 --> 00:38:15,793
Tell me your offer?

541
00:38:15,918 --> 00:38:19,171
I will tell you what Mehmed should offer.

542
00:38:20,172 --> 00:38:23,259
Your attempts to take the city
have failed.

543
00:38:23,592 --> 00:38:25,761
Your army will mutiny soon,

544
00:38:27,513 --> 00:38:30,808
and your young sultan will pay for defeat
with his life.

545
00:38:30,975 --> 00:38:34,687
The same could be said about your emperor
and his Italian mercenaries.

546
00:38:34,770 --> 00:38:36,605
Constantine is a fair man,

547
00:38:37,273 --> 00:38:39,525
and he is wise enough
to know when to stop.

548
00:38:39,608 --> 00:38:41,402
And Mehmed is my sultan.

549
00:38:43,154 --> 00:38:44,488
Ah, then...

550
00:38:45,323 --> 00:38:47,366
talk sense into him.

551
00:38:48,117 --> 00:38:52,288
End this siege before a unified
Christian army shows up at these gates.

552
00:38:53,456 --> 00:38:54,623
If they come.

553
00:38:56,167 --> 00:38:58,919
We both know it's just a matter of time.

554
00:39:00,379 --> 00:39:02,548
And if your sultan does not back down,

555
00:39:03,424 --> 00:39:04,592
we all lose.

556
00:39:15,436 --> 00:39:17,021
What terms do you suggest?

557
00:39:26,030 --> 00:39:28,741
[narrator] Pressure mounts
to offer the Romans a truce.

558
00:39:29,658 --> 00:39:33,704
Mehmed is running out of time
to find a way into Constantinople.

559
00:40:04,652 --> 00:40:06,404
[Murad, voice echoing] One day,

560
00:40:07,279 --> 00:40:08,781
when I die,

561
00:40:11,158 --> 00:40:12,743
this will be yours again.

562
00:40:33,639 --> 00:40:35,975
This sword has seen
too many battles to count.

563
00:40:37,852 --> 00:40:39,395
But heed this, my son...

564
00:40:42,731 --> 00:40:44,150
Every great leader...

565
00:40:45,818 --> 00:40:47,153
has such a weapon

566
00:40:48,028 --> 00:40:49,572
imbued with legacy

567
00:40:50,573 --> 00:40:51,740
and legend...

568
00:40:53,242 --> 00:40:54,368
and hope.

569
00:40:55,244 --> 00:40:57,163
But what sustains an empire

570
00:40:58,456 --> 00:41:00,082
is not just its weapons.

571
00:41:01,250 --> 00:41:02,585
It takes wisdom,

572
00:41:02,668 --> 00:41:03,919
and loyalty...

573
00:41:04,295 --> 00:41:05,296
strategy...

574
00:41:06,547 --> 00:41:07,715
and instinct.

575
00:41:09,133 --> 00:41:10,176
Ultimately, Mehmed,

576
00:41:11,844 --> 00:41:13,012
it is your mind

577
00:41:14,972 --> 00:41:16,474
that will win the fight.

578
00:41:28,486 --> 00:41:30,613
Fetch me my cartographer and a scribe!

579
00:41:35,075 --> 00:41:37,495
[Goodwin]
Mehmed has that thing that Napoleon had.

580
00:41:37,578 --> 00:41:40,122
He has a pizzazz, and he has luck,

581
00:41:40,206 --> 00:41:43,375
and he has a kind of sense
of destiny riding with him.

582
00:41:43,459 --> 00:41:46,170
Somehow everything that Mehmed does,

583
00:41:46,253 --> 00:41:47,463
the timing is right.

584
00:41:53,886 --> 00:41:57,765
Zagonas Pasha, I have discovered a way
to get our ships into the Golden Horn,

585
00:41:57,848 --> 00:41:58,974
but we must do it now.

586
00:41:59,058 --> 00:42:02,144
I would move heaven
and Earth for you, Sultan, but how?

587
00:42:02,561 --> 00:42:04,813
What I say must not leave this tent.

588
00:42:04,897 --> 00:42:07,358
You cannot tell a soul
until the plan is set in motion.

589
00:42:07,483 --> 00:42:10,069
You have my undying loyalty, Sultan,
you know that.

590
00:42:10,819 --> 00:42:12,446
Look... [breathing heavily]

591
00:42:12,530 --> 00:42:15,950
If the infidels are forced to defend
an attack from the Golden Horn,

592
00:42:16,033 --> 00:42:17,493
and spread their forces,

593
00:42:17,785 --> 00:42:19,537
the land walls will be vulnerable.

594
00:42:19,620 --> 00:42:22,122
Yeah, but the chains.
I mean, it's impossible.

595
00:42:22,206 --> 00:42:23,707
So we go round the chain.

596
00:42:24,124 --> 00:42:27,127
I... I don't understand, Sultan,
you want to move the army?

597
00:42:27,211 --> 00:42:28,879
I want to move the navy...

598
00:42:31,131 --> 00:42:32,299
over land.

599
00:42:48,899 --> 00:42:50,901
[dramatic music playing]